Chap 13.4 - 13.5 Slides Flashcards
By 1200, what were the Nobles worried about?
The power of the English king started to worry some nobles.
They feared kings would abuse their powers
Who were the Nobles concerned about?
Why?
- Nobles concerned their rights would be taken away
- 1215, problems with King John
What was King John doing?
Who was not happy with this and why?
- John caught in war with France
- Tried to raise money with new tax on nobility
- Nobles refused tax, took up arms against king
What did rebellious nobles force King John to do?
Accept document outlining their rights - Magna Carta
What was the aim of the Magna Carta?
- Restricted king’s power;
- kings not above the law
What did the Magna Carta demand the King do?
•King had to obtain consent of nobles before raising taxes
What did the Magna Carta forbid the King to do?
•Ended king’s ability to arrest, punish people without cause or take property illegally
After the Magna Carta, were the Nobles satisfied?
Dissatisfaction
- Magna Carta addressed many concerns, but some nobles still not satisfied
- King constantly asked for approval to raise taxes of which they disapproved
- 1260s, nobles began another rebellion to obtain say in how kingdom was run
What is the English governing body?
Parliament
How did the Parliament come about?
- As part of agreement to end rebellion, king agreed to meet with members of nobility, clergy, middle class to discuss key issues facing country
- Resulting council developed into English governing body, Parliament
Who clarified role of Parliament?
Who worked well with this governing body?
- Edward I one of first kings to clarify role of Parliament,
- work effectively with governing body
In 1295, what people was in Parliament?
Parliament put together by Edward included nobles, clergy, representatives from every English county, town
What did Parliament have power over?
•Had power to create new taxes, advise king on lawmaking, royal policy
What did King Edward accomplish?
•Edward strengthened England’s central government, reformed system of laws
How did the English monarchy compare to other European countries?
The changes in the English monarchy were unique.
What did kings in other European countries seek to do?
During the Middle Ages, kings in other European countries worked to gain more power
What was the monarchy like in France?
Who had power in France?
- After Charlemagne, kings of France did not rule much territory
- Limited to area around Paris, Orleans
- Rest in hands of powerful nobles
Whowere the Capetians?
- Mid-900s, one noble family rose to power when one member elected king
- Hugh Capet, successors extended power throughout France
Who ruled over France until the 1300s?
Who had the power?
- Sometimes Capetians fought local nobles for power
- Other times created allegiances
- By 1300, ruled almost all of modern France
Where else did monarchy grow in Europe?
What did these monarchy struggle with?
•Growth of monarchy in Spain, Portugal coupled with religious struggles
Who had conquered Spain and Portugal?
•Today the two countries share Iberian Peninsula, which had been conquered by Muslims in early 700s
•Muslims, called Moors by Christians, built powerful state centered in city of Cordoba.
•Christians ruled only few kingdoms in far northern part of peninsula
What were the Fighting Moors?
•722, Christian rulers began to fight Moors, drive them out of Europe
What were the Christian campaigns called?
•Christian states began series of campaigns to retake Iberian Peninsula, called the Reconquista
Who won great victory over the Muslims (Moors)?
What did this inspire?
•1085, King of Castile won great victory over Moors,
inspired rulers of two other Christian kingdoms to join in the Reconquista
