Consciousness
a persons awareness of everything that is going on around them
Circadian Rhythm
sleep-wake cycle
N1 (Stage 1)
light sleep increase in theta wave activity
N2 (Stage 2)
sleep spindles and body starts to shut down
N3 (Stages 3 and 4)
first appearance of delta waves and the body is at its lowest level of functioning
REM Sleep
where most dreams occur and replaces N1-N3 and is light sleep. The body is in a state of paralysis matched with rapid eye movement
Sleepwalking
occurs in N3 sleep stage
Hypnosis
state of consciousness in which a person is susceptible to suggestion
Psychological Dependence
where the user believes he or she needs the drug to function
Physical Withdrawal
when the body needs to the drug to function
Stimulants
are drugs that increase activity of the nervous system
Depressants
slow down the nervous system
Hallucinogens
alters the brain interpretations of sensations
Learning
any permanent change in behavior brought by experience or practice
Classical Conditioning
one stimulus, through pairing come to produce a similar response
UCS
naturally occurring stimulus
UCR
involuntary unconditioned response
CR
involuntary and automatic behavior
CS
the trained reaction
Conditioned Taste Aversion
when an organism becomes sick after eating food and wont eat it due to its reaction
Reinforcement
process of strengthening a response with a pleasurable consequence
Primary Reinforcer
a stimulus that satisfies a basic natural drive
Secondary Reinforcer
only becomes reinforced when paired with a primary inforcer
Fixed Interval Schedule of Reinforcement
at least one correct response must be made within a set interval of time
Fixed Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement
a certain number of responses are given before reinforcement
Variable Ratio of Reinforcement
a varying number of responses are required before reinforcement
Observational Learning
learning through others watching them perform or model certain actions
Memory
can be defined as an active system that recieves information from the senses, organize and alter information, then retrieves it
3 Process of Memory
encoding storing and revival
Short term memory
information held while being conscious and used
Working memory
responsible for processing information in STM
Long Term Memory
is the system in which which memories are kept less or more permanently stored
State-Dependent Learning
occurs when physiological or psychological becomes encoded as retrieval cues for memories
Constructive Processing
the reconstruction of memory from bits and pieces of information that was stored away
Amnesia
where memory of the past is lost