Chap 5.1 Slides

Question 1

What were two distinct cultures developed in early Greece

Answer 1

Minoans and Mycenaeans

Question 2

When did the Minoan civilization develop?

Answer 2

•Minoan civilization developed in 3000 BC

Question 3

Where did the Minoan civilization develop?

Answer 3

Crete

Colonies established on dozens of islands

Question 4

What activity did The Minoans do?

Answer 4

Trades: Sailed back and forth between colonies

Question 5

How do we know about the Minoan civilization?

Answer 5

Excavations at Knossos

Much of Minoan life revealed by excavations

Question 6

What are some of the things seen at the excavations at Crete?

Answer 6

–Solid buildings

–Private rooms

–Basic plumbing

–Brightly colored artwork

–They left their village. No one knows why

Question 7

How well do we know of the Minoan civilization?

Answer 7

•Much history of Minoan civilization result of guesswork, speculation

–Historians cannot read Minoans’ writings

•Until writing deciphered, most knowledge will come from art, objects

Question 8

What happened to the Minoan civilization?

Why?

Answer 8

•Minoan civilization fell apart rather suddenly, possibly from disaster.

–Large eruption of volcanic island near Crete may have affected worldwide weather patterns.

–Damage to Minoan ports, crops may have weakened society

–conquered by Mycenaeans

Question 9

What did the Mycenaeans built?

Answer 9

The Mycenaean States

•Mycenaeans built small kingdoms, often fought with each other

Question 10

What language did the Mycenaeans have?

Answer 10

•Mycenaeans considered first Greeks, spoke form of Greek language

Question 11

How did Mycenaeans spread influence?

Answer 11

Minoan Influences

• Mycenaeans traded with Minoans, copied writing
• Became great traders

Question 12

What made the Mycenaeans different?

Answer 12

Mycenaean Differences

• Society dominated by intense competition, frequent warfare, powerful kings
• Kings taxed trade, farming to build palaces, high walls

Question 13

What was the Strength of the Mycenaean?

Answer 13

• To show off strength, Mycenaeans built monuments like Lion’s Gate
• Kings’ constant quest for power, glory inspired legends
• Most famous, story of Trojan War

Question 14

What was the Trojan War?

Answer 14

• War supposedly involved early Greeks, led by Mycenae, who fought powerful city called Troy, in what is now Turkey
• War may not have happened, but ruins of city believed to be Troy found

Question 15

What was story of the Trojan War?

Answer 15

Hector & Paris sent to Sparta for peace treaty

Paris falls in love with Helen, leave for Troy together

Greeks lead by Agamemnon

Duels of Heroes: Achilles vs. Hector

Troy is destroyed by the Greeks

Question 16

What are Greek city-states?

Answer 16

Greek society was centered on the polis, or city-state. Each polis developed independently, with its own form of government, laws and customs.

Question 17

What was life in the POLIS?

Answer 17

• Polis, center of daily life, culture
• Greeks fiercely loyal to their polis
• Did not think of selves as Greeks, but as residents of their particular city-state

Question 18

What was infrastructure of the POLIS?

Answer 18

• Polis built around high area, called acropolis
• Acropolis used as fortification
• Included temples, ceremonial spaces

•Agora, public marketplace, below

Question 19

Describe 3 other things in the Greek city-states

Answer 19

• Shops, houses, temples near agora
• Gymnasium, athletes’ training grounds, public bath
• Sturdy wall for defense surrounded polis

Question 20

Where did SPARTA begin?

Answer 20

•Sparta located on peninsula of southern Greece

Question 21

What did Spartans have?

Answer 21

•Spartans had helots (Slaves)

Question 22

Who were the HELOTS?

Answer 22

• Helots were state slaves given to Spartan citizens to work on farms so citizens did not have to perform manual labor.
• As result, Spartan citizens free to spend time training for war

Question 23

Why was WAR important to the Spartans?

Answer 23

•Spartan emphasis on war not due to fondness for fighting, but as way to keep order in society

Question 24

Sparta was a _________ state

Answer 24

Militaristic State

Question 25

How did Spartans support their military lifestyle?

Answer 25

To support their military lifestyle, the Spartans demanded strength and toughness. All babies were examined after birth and unhealthy children were left in the wild to die

Question 26

What were the Spartans' COMBAT SCHOOL?

Answer 26

* Boys taught physical, mental toughness by mothers until age 7 * Entered combat school to toughen for hardships of being soldier * At age 20 boys became **hoplites, foot soldiers;** remained in army 10 years before becoming citizens

Question 27

What was Spartan women like?

Answer 27

* Trained in gymnastics for physical fitness, to bear strong children * Women had right to own property, unlike women in most of Greece

Question 28

Who ruled Sparta?

Answer 28

Sparta was led by two kings who served as military commanders. Decision-making was largely left to an elected council of elders

Question 29

What were the Greek Legends and Myths?

Answer 29

* Much of what is known about early Greece comes from Greeks’ legends, myths * Greek myths explained where they came from, how they should live, cope with uncertain world

Question 30

What did ancient Greeks believe in?

Answer 30

**The Gods of Olympus** ## Footnote * Ancient Greeks believed in hundreds of gods, goddesses; each governed one aspect of nature, life * Example: Apollo controlled movement of sun; sister Artemis did same for moon * Greeks believed gods would protect them, city-states in exchange for proper rituals, sacrifices

Question 31

Where did the gods live?

Answer 31

Mount Olympus * 12 gods, goddesses were particularly influential in Greek lives * These 12 lived together on Mount Olympus, highest mountain in Greece

Question 32

What did the myths say about the Greek gods?

Answer 32

•Myths say gods flawed, often unpredictable—loved, hated, argued, made mistakes, got jealous, played tricks on each other

Question 33

What did the Greeks worship?

Answer 33

* Almost all Greeks worshipped same gods * Each polis claimed one god, goddess as special protector * Example: Athens sacred to Athena * Some locations considered sacred by all Greeks

Question 34

What was a sacred location to the ancient Greeks? Why?

Answer 34

**Olympia** ## Footnote every four years Greeks assembled there for Olympic Games; athletes competed against each other to honor gods

Question 35

Why did Greeks tell myths about heroes?

Answer 35

* Greeks told myths about heroes, used to teach Greeks where they came from, what kind of people they should be * Some heroes, like Hercules, who had godlike strength, born from god Zeus and a virgin mortal (yep, again…) renowned through all Greece

Question 36

What were the lessons of these myths about heroes?

Answer 36

* Heroes killed monsters, made discoveries, founded cities, talked with gods on equal terms * Examples inspired individuals, to achieve great things