Chap. 6 A&P Cardiovascular System Flashcards by carlos yee

What is the cardiovascular system responsible for

Delivering nutrients

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Which if the following characteristics applies to the red blood cell

Which option

It is alternatively referred to as a leukocyte

It has the shape of a biconcave desk

It has distinctive nucleus and organelles

It is incapable of transporting oxygen to the cells

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What are albumins, globulins, and fibrinogens

Proteins present in the blood

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What is the primary function of white blood cells

Body defense

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Where are old and damaged red blood cells broken down

Liver, spleen, bone marrow

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Nervous control of the heart can be exerted by

Fibers of the autonomic nervous system

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The arteries supplying blood to the tissue of the heart are the

Coronary arteries

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The term vasoconstriction refers

Decreasing the size in lumen of the blood vessels

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Blood returning to the heart from the body organs enter which atrium and through which vein

Right atrium through vena cava

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The semilunar valves prevent blood from flowing backwards into which compartments of the heart

Ventricles

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Is the biscuspid valve a semilunar valve

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Is the heart the pump of the body

Yea

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What are the two types and main chambers of the heart

Atriums and ventrilces

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Does the heart propel blood through the arteries and capallaries

Yes

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Is the heart found between the second and fifth rib

Yes

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In body directional terms where is the heart

Anterior to the vertebral column and posterior to sternum

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Pericardial sac

Parietal Pericardium(Outer membrane)

Visceral membrane ( inner membrane)

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What is the space between the two membranes of of the pericardial sac is called

Pericardial cavity

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Main tissue of the heart, second middle layer

Myocardium

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What does the paricardium sorround, which organ

The heart

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What are the three layers of the heart

Epicardium

Myocardium

Endocardium

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Inflammation of the pericardium called

Pericarditis

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Blood flow of the heart

S/I vena cava
R atrium
Tricuspid Valve
R ventricle
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
L atrium
Bicuspid(mitral) valve
L ventricle
Aortic valve

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What seperates the heart chambers

Cardiac septum

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What are the atriums of heart

Receiving chamber of hearts

What is know as the coronary artery and vein system

The hearts own pump system to feed itself

What are the two main cardiovascular circuits of the body

Pulmonary ( heart back to heart) systemic ( heart to body)

Where does pulmonary circuit start and end

Starts at right atrium | Finishes at pulmonary vein where blood enters back into L side of heart

Where does the systemic circuit start and end

Begins at left side of heart and finishes at right side if heart

2 atrioventricle valves of the heart

Bicuspid and tricuspid

2 semilunar valves

Pulmonary and aortic

What anchors the hearts atrioventricular valves to papillary muscles of ventricular wall

White quartz of collagen

What chords of tissue prevent the valve flaps from moving backward into the atria

Choide tendinae

What is a valve prolapse

When the chordea tendanea or valve itself is damaged and flaps backward

Where is the pulmonary semi lunar valve

At the entrance of the pulmonary artery goes to the lungs

Where is the aortic semi lunar valve

At the entrance of the aorta go to the body

What returns blood to the right atrium to feed itself

Coronary sinus

What is myocardial infarction

Heart attack

Is cardiac muscle similar to skeletal

Yes but it is shorter and brighter and more branched

Is the nervous system involved in heart muscle contraction

What specialized tissue does the heart have a contracts and relaxes throughout a persons life

Autorythmic tissue

What is Automaticity

The hearts on electrical impulses

SA node

Sinotrial Known as pacemaker Depolarizes at 60-100 bpm

What are Purkinje fibers

Fibers that allow electrical impulses from automaticty to contract the heart in a certain way

What is depolarization and repolarization

D-contraction R-relaxed

In the PQRST wave system for ekg what is P QRS T

P- atrium SA node depolarization QRS- ventricle depolarization T- ventricle repolarization

What are the alternating contractions and relaxations of the heart chambers referred to as

Cardiac cycle

Where does the Systole rythm occur

Ventricles blood being pumped out

What is diastole happen

Atria are in condition of filling with blood

What is stroke volume

Amount of blood pumped out of a ventricle during each cycle

What is cardiac output

The amount of blood pumped out of a ventricle per minute

What is he average heart beat

70-75 bpm

How much ml can heart pump a minute and per cycle

70 mls/5250 ml blood per minute

When atrioventricular valve shut what sound are you listening for

LUB

What sound are you listening for one blood is going through all valves

Dub

All blood vessels except capillaries have three layers

Yes

What are the three layers of blood vessels

Tunnica Tunica media Tunica externa

Two arteries have the ability to expand and constrict

Yes Vasoconstriction/ close Vasodialation/ open

What is the capillary artery

Microscopic they connect arterials to venules

What is a precapillary sphincter

Controls the entry of blood into the capillary bed

What is the sphincter

Muscles it open and close

What supplies blood to the right atrium right ventricle portion of the end for your part of the left ventricle and portion of the sinus

Right coronary artery

What is both the largest and shortest of the myocardial blood vessels

Left coronary artery

What is blood contains

Red, white, and platelets suspended in a liquid plasma

What is a normal pH balance for blood

7. 35 through 7.45 | 7. 4 is perfect

What is plasma fluid portion

92% water, 7% protein, 1% ion

When blood clots in the blood clotting proteins are removed the remaining liquid is called what

Serum

Three categories of proteins and blood

Albumin globulin Fibrinogen

Which protein maintains osmotic pressure

Albumin

What does globulin do

Represents a primary mechanism in body defense and attacks bad things

What is fibrinogen

Proteins in the plasma, is the liver product, involve the blood clotting

Another name for red blood cell

Erythrocyte

Where are red blood cells produced

Red bone marrow

Which hormone regulates production of red blood cells and in which organ is it secreted

Erythropoietin Secreted in kidney

How many types of white blood cells do we have

2 Granulocytes (with granules) eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil Agranulocytes ( no granules) monocytes, lymphocytes

Another name for platelets

Theombocytes

What is intrinsic an extrinsic

Intrinsic (inside) Extrinsic ( outside)

What activates platelets

Proteins that are sent out by damaged cells

What two things combined to create a blood clot

Platelets and fibrinogen

Chap. 6 A&P Cardiovascular System Flashcards

(79 cards)