chap 9 sg/sy Flashcards
(267 cards)
1
Q
hyperkeratosis
A
arsenic
2
Q
diarrhea
A
- acetaminophen adverse rxn
- aspirin chronic toxicity
3
Q
esophageal varices (assoc w cirrhosis)
A
chronic alchism
4
Q
acute myeloid leukemia
A
BEnxene and 1,3-butadiene
5
Q
severe protein deprivation that affects the visceral store of proteins in the organs like the liver more.
A
kwashiorkor
6
Q
fatty change
A
- chronic alchism
- marasmus
- kwashiorkor
7
Q
alternating hyperpigmentation/desquamation/hypopigmentation = “flaky paint”
A
kwashiorkor
8
Q
hypercalcemia
A
hypervitaminosis D in adults
9
Q
Visceral protein compartment only marginally depleted = serum albumin nml
A
Maramus
10
Q
permanent memory, vision, hearing, and speech prbs.
A
co
11
Q
Subcut fat and m’s spared
A
kwashiorkor
12
Q
hemorrhages and healing defects in adults.
A
vitC deficiency: scurvy
13
Q
frontal bossing in non-ambulatory stage
A
rickets
14
Q
cytoplasmic swelling, mito distortion, degen ER, PM breaks
A
ionizing radiation
15
Q
increased HR, bp, angina if have CAD
A
marij
16
Q
Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents
A
bulemia
17
Q
loss of villi and microvilli in SI
A
kwashiorkor
18
Q
Hypoalbuminemai → general or dependent edema (eg puffiness of face, hands, legs)
A
- kwashiorkor
- anorexia (but no edema)
19
Q
asthema attacks
A
sulfur dioxide; pet dander, dust mites, fungi, mold; formaldehyde
20
Q
Skin lesions
A
kwashiorkor
21
Q
risk of non-malig resp dis
A
arsenic: if in water
22
Q
scarring
A
opiates
23
Q
Stunted grth in teens
A
anabolic steroids adverse rxn
24
Q
xeropthalmia
A
vit A deficeincy: there is no vitA to signal to diff to epithelial cells –> keratinization, esp of lacrimal and mucus secreting epithelium –> dry conjunctiva = xerosis conjentivae
25
asthema-like
marij
26
Cholelithiasis
obesity
27
learning disabilities
lead: kids even when under 45 ug/dl
28
brain edema
lead
29
cerebral palsy
mercury: minamata dis
30
impaired vision, esp in low light
- vit A deficeincy
| - zinc deficeincy
31
acute liver failure
acetaminophen adverse rxn: via centrilobular necrosis trom NAPQI
32
Gynecomastia
anabolic steroids adverse rxn
33
most dangerous toxin if have astehma/enphysema
ground level ozone bc Prod free radicals → injure epithelial cells along resp tract and typr 1 alveolar cells → release inflamm medaitors
34
bone and joint pain
chronic vitA toxicity
35
shock
acetaminophen adverse rxn
36
drowsiness
aspirin chronic toxicity
37
neuro impairment of baby
cocaine
38
deafness
mercury: minamata dis
39
Psych disturbances
anabolic steroids adverse rxn
40
stupor
-acute vitA toxicity
41
resp depression
opiates
42
Increased risk of hepatic adenoma
OC adverse rxn... only if take for prolonged pds
43
pink or mottled with blisters depending on depth and are painful.
partial thicknesss burn
44
hepatic steatosis
acute alchism
45
laryngitis
marij
46
euphoria
- cocaine (from DA)
- opiates
- meth (followed by crash)
- MDMA
47
pellagra: dementia, dermatits, diarrhea
niacin deficiency
48
hypocalcemic tetany
vitD deficiency– convulsive st from insufficient extracell Ca (req for nml m fct)
49
hyperprexia
cocaine: from DA
50
renal and urinary bladder stones
vit A deficeincy d/t Desquamation of keratin debris in the urinary tract
51
cns depression
co
52
Hyperkalemia, tachycardia, arrhythmias
- hyperthermia: what happens 2nd
- anorexia --> Cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death
- bulemia --> Cardiac arrhythmia
53
loss appetite
kwashiorkor
54
anemia
- Maramus: bc bone marrow hypoplastic freom reduced # RBC precursors
- anorexia
55
tinnitus, hearing probs
aspirin chronic toxicity
56
cellulitis
opiates
57
hyperkalemia
anorexia --> Cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death
58
affect the spine, pelvis and tibia to casue lumbar lordosis and bowing of the legs in ambulatory stage
rickets
59
opportunistic infections
opiates: in subcut tissue, <3 valves, liver, lungs
- usu from s.aueus and fungi
- viral hep from needles
60
Obstructive lung dz
cadmium: caused by necrosis of alveolar epithelial cells; risk lung canc
61
Dehydration and decreased electrolytes
anorexia
62
peptic ulcer
tobacco
63
poor organizational skills
lead: kids even when under 45 ug/dl
64
coronary artery dz
chronic alchism... from HTN, decreased levels of HDL (from a damaged liver)
65
segmental glomerulosclerosis
opiates
66
Korsakoff psychosis
malnutrition fron chronic alcohoolism
67
Hypoalbuminemai → general or dependent edema (eg puffiness of face, hands, legs)
kwashiorkor
68
dental issues
fluoride deficiency
69
shrinkage of LNs/spleen
ionizing radiation
70
interstitial fibrosis and renal failure
lead: chronic
71
HTN
cocaine
72
cutaneous lesions
opiates
73
Leads to pulm inflamm and secondary CV effects
Soot (particulate matter)
74
hoarse
marij
75
disrupt hormone balance
- organochlorines: PCB, DDT, lindane, aldrin, diedrin
| - BPA
76
lethal arrythmias
- cocaine
| - opiates
77
Dehydration and decreased electrolytes
- anorexia
| - bulemia
78
preterm births
tobacco
79
skin (dry and scaly) hair changes
anorexia– from decreased TH
80
eye irritation
pet dander, dust mites, fungi, mold
81
risk hepatocellular carcinoma
chronic alchism
82
viral pneumonia
microbiologic agents
83
agitation
bath salts
84
bone pain and
hypervitaminosis D in adults
85
Ring sideroblasts
lead: (RBC precursors w/Fe laden mito)
| - -> can lead to basophilic stippling
86
dilated congestive cardiomyopathy
chronic alchism (alcoholic cardiomyopathy
87
tobacco can cause canc of:
oral cavity (esp if alch too), larynx. esoph, lung, panc, bladder, cervix, bone marrow
88
rhinitis
pet dander, dust mites, fungi, mold
89
suicide
- sniffing stuff
| - bath salts
90
dizziness and confusion
- organic solvents: chloroform and carbon tetrachloirde;
- aspirin chronic toxicity
- vitA toxicity (just dizziness)
91
Depletion of subcutaneous fat in arms, chest wall, shoulders, metacarpals
PEM in the developed world
92
Acute and chronic pancreatitis
chronic alchism
93
loss of the intestinal enzymes
kwashiorkor: esp in disaccharidase that makes it harder for kids to respond to milk based diets.
94
Wasting f quads and deltoids
PEM in the developed world
95
aplastic anemia
high doses ionizing radiation (= failure blood ct revovery)
96
folliculitis
organochlorines: PCB
97
Increased MI risk
anabolic steroids adverse rxn
98
Hepatic cholestasis if receiving orally
anabolic steroids adverse rxn
99
Legionnaires dis from
microbiologic agents
100
mental retardation
mercury: minamata dis
101
bradycardia
anorexia– from decreased TH
102
Bone weak and vulnerable to fxs
osteomalacia: Usu effect vert bodies and femoral necks
103
paranoia
- cocaine (from DA)
| - meth
104
Papular dermatosis
vit A deficeincy: plugging of the adnexal gland ducts bc of hyperkeratinization of the epidermis
105
impair motor coord for 4-5 hrs
marij
106
paresthesia
arsenic
107
Ankle or sacral edema
PEM in the developed world
108
thiamine (vit B1) deficiency→
chronic alchism...leads to peripheral neuropathies, Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome, cerebral atrophy, cerebellar degeneration, and optic neuropathy
109
psychoses
lead: kids even when under 45 ug/dl
110
headache
- aspirin chronic toxicity
| - acute vitA toxicity
111
Facial hair and menstral changes in women
anabolic steroids adverse rxn
112
parietal bones buckle inward in non-ambulatory stage
rickets
113
rickets
vitD deficiency or low Ca in diet
114
resp arrest
acute alchism: d/t involvement of cortical neurons and lower medullary ctrs
115
chloracne
organochlorines: PCB; =a dermatosis w acne, cyst formation, hyperpigment, hyperkeratinosis around face/ears
116
osteomalacia
vitD deficiency or low Ca in diet
117
wt loss
chronic vitA toxicity
118
marrow aplasia
BEnxene and 1,3-butadiene
119
ischemic changes in the CNS, esp in the basal ganglia and the lenticular nuclei
co
120
bleeding that causes petichial hemorrhages
aspirin chronic toxicity
121
predisposed to osteoarthritis
obesity
122
increase bc risk after 5-6 yrs
estrogen-progesterone MHT adverse rxn
123
single/dbl stranded breaks in DNA; deletions, translocations, fragmentationl DNA-protien cross links; aneuploidy/polyploidy
ionizing radiation
124
bizarre behavior
- mercury
| - sniffing stuff
125
microfractures and stresses on the weak bone
rickets
126
osteoporosis and osteomalacia
cadmium: Itai-itai dz :associated with renal dz
127
lead lines
lead duh: Lead interferes with the normal remodeling of cartilage and in the bone trabeculae in kids
*also seen in guns
128
pneumoconiosis
mineral dusts: nonneoplastic lung dis’s
129
marrow aplasia --> neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia
ionizing radiation*
130
pnemonitis/irritation of deeper airways
lipid soluable gasas) NO, burning plastics in thernal burn
131
infertility
zinc deficiency
132
cough
marij
133
amenorrhea
anorexia
134
listlessness
kwashiorkor
135
severe protein deprivation that affects (vai catabolism and depletion) the somatic store of proteins in skeletal muscle
Maramus
136
cerebral atrophy
babies born to moms w PEM
137
square head in non-ambulatory stage
rickets
138
Af children weaned too early and fed a card diet
From fad diets in US
kwashiorkor
139
numbness
arsenic
140
confusion
meth
141
endothelial cells of vessels swollen and necrosis and dissolution of the walls
ionizing radiation: with more time or exposure
142
Increase CAD if older than 35 and smoke
OC adverse rxn
143
amb drug metabolism
organochlorines: PCB
144
lung canc from
radon
145
dilated vessles
ionizing radiation: right after exposure
146
sedation
opiates
147
inflamm and swelling of upper airways from /partia/-complete obstruction
from (water soluable gases) Cl, sulfur oxides, ammonia may react w water to form acids or alkalis in thermal burn
148
slow fx healing
lead: increasing chondrogenesis and delaying cartilage mineralization.
149
gastritis and ulceration
- acute and chronic alchism
| - aspirin chronic toxicity
150
CAD
obesity: from Hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL
151
rhabdomyolysis
hyperthermia or malig hyperthermia
152
severe pulm edema
opiates
153
ulcerations
opiates
154
Proximal tubular damage associated with intranuclear inclusions of protein aggregate
lead
155
alternating hyperpigmentation/desquamation/hypopigmentation = “flaky paint”
kwashiorkor
156
predispose to lung infections
- wood smoke
| - vit A deficiency bc epithelium undergoes squamous metaplasia --> loss mucociliary epithelium
157
nuclear swelling; clumping of chromos; disruption nuc mem
ionizing radiation
158
mucosal atrophy of SI
kwashiorkor
159
blindness
- lead: kids even when under 45 ug/dl
- mercury
- vit A deficeincy
160
coma
- lead: kids even when under 45 ug/dl;
- organic solvents: chloroform and carbon tetrachloirde
- aspirin chronic toxicity
161
Generalized vasodilation, peripheral pooling of blood, and decreased effective circulating volume.
hyperthermia: what happens first
162
bronchitis
marij
163
death after surgery
PEM in the developed world
164
emaciated extremities (head appears too lg for body
Maramus: M and subcutaneous fat used for fuel
165
Overgrowth of epiphyseal cartilage and failure for them to mature,
rickets
166
tahycardia
cocaine
167
fetal hypoxia
cocaine
168
3-6x risk venous thrombosis and PE
OC adverse rxn...d/t hypercoag st from induced by hepatic synth of coag factors
169
hard breathing
sulfur dioxide; formaldehyde
170
tubulointerstitial nephritis with renal papillary necrosis
analgesic nephrophathy.: Mixtures of aspirin and acetaminophen when taken over several years can cause
171
systemic atherosclerosis -->MI
tobacco: bc decreased O2 supply, but increased demand
| - multiplicative when combined w HTN and hypercholest
172
keratomalacia
vit A deficeincy..erosion of roughened corneal surface and softening/destruction of the cornea
173
septic embolism from endocarditis
opiates
174
Hyperventilation syndrome (Pickwickian syndrome)
obesity
175
infections after a burn from...
pseudomonas aeruginosa, MRSA (methicillin-reisstant S.aureus), and Candida species of fungi
176
chronic bronchitis, emphysema, COPD
tobacco
177
vasoconstriction
cocaine
178
white or charred, dry, and painless burn
full thickness burn
179
cardiac arrest
opiates
180
renal tubular damage that can lead to end-stage renal dz.
cadmium
181
increased bone loss and hip fractures
VitD insufficiency = milder form of deficiency
182
tremors
mercury
183
acrodermatitis enteropathica
zinc deficiency: rash around eyes, mouth, nose, anus
184
less myelinization
babies born to moms w PEM
185
spont abort
- tobacco
| - cocaine
186
Mortality from atrophy of diaphragm/resp m’s
Cachexia: canc deaths
187
<3dis
BPA, in adults
188
Demyelination of the cerebral and cerebellar white matter
lead
189
bleeding or embolus
adverse rxn from anticoag
190
psychosis
bath salts
191
Bitot's spots
vit A deficeincy.. from the build up of keratin plaques
192
fewer neurons
babies born to moms w PEM
193
lymphopenia
- ionizing radiation*
| - anorexia
194
increases VTE in 1st 2 yrs
MHT adverse rxn (have to have other factor too)
195
giant cells w plieomorphic nuc
ionizing radiation
196
constipation
anorexia– from decreased TH
197
Enlargement and lateral expansion of osteochonral jct
rickets
198
amyloidosis
opiates
199
Deposition osteoid matris on inadequately mineralized cartilaginous remnants
rickets
200
violent behaviors
- meth
| - sniffing stuff
201
metastatic calcifications of soft tissues like the kidney.
hypervitaminosis D in kids
202
occipital bones flattening in non-ambulatory stage
rickets
203
Acne
anabolic steroids adverse rxn
204
cold
microbiologic agents
205
Hemolytic anemia if have G6PD
vitC toxicity
206
bone dz in growing kids
vitC deficiency: scurvy
207
somnolence
opiates
208
wrist drop
lead: Peripheral demyelinating neuropathy in adults, esp in the motor nerves of commonly used muscles
209
Esophageal and gastric rupture
bulemia
210
nausea
- acetaminophen adverse rxn
- aspirin chronic toxicity
- chronic vitA toxicity
211
gout
lead: decreased uric acid excretion
212
disordered cortical/motor/intellectual behavior
acute alchism
213
cherry-red color of the skin and mucous membranes.
co
214
hyperpigmentation
- arsenic
| - opiates
215
spinocerebellar degen
vit E deficiency
216
Testes atrophy
anabolic steroids adverse rxn
217
Ca oxalate kdney stones
vitC toxicity
218
pain
arsenic
219
perforated septum
cocaine
220
blurred vision
- acute vitA toxicity
221
nuclear pyknosis and lysis
ionizing radiation
222
hyalinization and thickening of bv intima
ionizing radiation
223
retarded psychomotor dev
lead: kids even when under 45 ug/dl
224
vomiting
- acetaminophen adverse rxn
- aspirin chronic toxicity
- acute and chronic vitA toxicity
225
hypersomnolence
obesity
226
foot drop
lead: Peripheral demyelinating neuropathy in adults, esp in the motor nerves of commonly used muscles
227
Iron overload
vitC toxicity
228
alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis
chronic alchism
229
major CNS defects for fetuses
mercury: minamata dis
230
tumors on palms and soles
arsenic
231
impaired wound healing,
PEM in the developed world
232
sepsis
PEM in the developed world
233
fibrosis in lungs, GI, gonads
ionizing radiation
234
hyperactivity
lead: kids even when under 45 ug/dl
235
CNS depressant
acute alchism
236
microcytic hypochromic anemia
- Lead: inhibits δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and ferrochelatase (involved in heme synthesis)
- iron deficiency
237
dementia
- tobacco
| - sniffing stuff
238
subtle deficits in IQ
lead: kids even when under 45 ug/dl
239
severe, generalized abdominal pain.
lead colic
240
anemia
Maramus
241
lung abcess
opiates
242
alch increases risk of these cancs...
Increased risk of cancer of the oral cavity, esophagus, liver, and breast in women.
243
m weak, neuro defects, abn collagen crosslinking
copper deficiency
244
burning nose/throat
sulfur dioxide; formaldehyde
245
T-cell mediated immune deficiency → infections → addl nutritional demands
Maramus, kwashiorkor
246
hallucinations
- opiates
| - meth
247
gingivitis
mercury
248
myocardial ischemia --> MI
cocaine
249
Causes coma/death in 5 mins
co
250
CNS issues
lead: (more in kids) bc NTs inhibited bc of Ca homeostasis disruption
251
cataracts
tobacco
252
distort sensory info
marij
253
Cold intolerance
anorexia– from decreased TH
254
decrease in the mitotic index in the crypts
kwashiorkor
255
reduced risk atherosclerosis and CAD if younger than 60
MHT addl rxn
256
Wernicke's encephalopathy
malnutrition fron chronic alcohoolism
257
anorexia and diarrhea
zinc deficiency
258
angiosarcoma of liver
Vinyl chloride
259
apathy
kwashiorkor
260
rachitic rosary or pigeon breast deformity in non-ambulatory stage
rickets...from an overgrowth of cartilage or osteoid tissue
261
granulomas in spleen, liver, LNs
opiates
262
goiter and hypothyroidism
iodine deficiency
263
seizures
lead: kids even when under 45 ug/dl
264
Pd irregular but not gone
bulemia
265
IUGR
tobacco
266
osteoporosis
tobacco
267
mess w hypothalamic-pit-adrenal axis
marij: control appetite, ene balance, fertility, sex behavior
