Chapter 1

Question 1

Who established scientific nomenclature?

Answer 1

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 2

Bacteria

Answer 2

1. prokaryotes
2. peptidoglycan cell wall
3. binary fission
4. organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals, or photosynthesis

Question 3

Archaea

Answer 3

1. prokaryotes
2. no peptidoglycan
3. extreme environments

Question 4

Fungi

Answer 4

1. eukaryotes
2. chitin cell wall
3. eat organic chemicals
   molds mushrooms and yeasts

Question 5

Who has mycelia?

Answer 5

molds and mushrooms

Question 6

What is mycelia?

Answer 6

made of filaments called hyphae

Question 7

Protozoa

Answer 7

1. eukaryotes
2. absorb/ingest organic chemicals
3. can be motile:
   pseudopods, cilia, flagella

Question 8

Algae

Answer 8

1. eukaryotes
2. cellulose cell walls
3. use photosynthesis
4. makes O2 and organic compound

Question 9

Viruses

Answer 9

1. acellular
2. DNA or RNA core
3. protein coat
4. and a lipid envelope?
5. replicate in a host

Question 10

Multicellular animal parasites

Answer 10

1. eukaryotes
2. multicellular animals
3. helminths=parasitic flatworms and round worms
4. microscopic in life cycles

Question 11

What are the three domains of life?

Answer 11

1. bacteria
2. archaea
3. eukaryota

Question 12

What are the 5 kingdoms?

Answer 12

1. bacteria
2. protista
3. fungi
4. plantae
5. animalia

Question 13

Who found that living cells were boxes?

Answer 13

Robert Hooke

Question 14

“Cells come from preexisting cells” - ___________

Answer 14

Rudolf Virchow

Question 15

What is cell theory?

Answer 15

All living things are made of cells and come from cells.

Question 16

Who made the 1st microscope?

Answer 16

Antoine van Leeuwenhoek

Question 17

Living things come from nonliving things is called ______________

Answer 17

spontaneous generation

Question 18

Living things come from living things is called __________

Answer 18

biogenesis

Question 19

What is fermentation?

Answer 19

conversion of sugar to alcohol to make beer and wine.

Question 20

What is pasteurization?

Answer 20

application of high heat for a short time?

Question 21

Ignaz Semmelweiss

Answer 21

Do hand washing to prevent transmission of puerperal fever to prevent dead babies

Question 22

Joseph Lister

Answer 22

Chemical disinfectant to prevent infection

Question 23

Robert Koch

Answer 23

Bacterium causes anthrax

Question 24

Kochs Postulates

Answer 24

A specific microbe causes a specific disease

Question 25

Edward Jenner

Answer 25

+cowpox=protection from smallpox

Question 26

Who discovered penicillin?

Answer 26

Alexander Fleming. It's a fungi that kills bacteria

Question 27

Who discovered that genes encode a cells enzyme?

Answer 27

George beadle and Edward Tatum

Question 28

Who discovered that DNA was the heredity material?

Answer 28

Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty

Question 29

Who discovered that mRNA made protein

Answer 29

Francois Jacob and Jaques Monod

Question 30

What is bioremediation?

Answer 30

Bacteria degrade sewage/ detoxify pollutants like oil

Question 31

Normal microbiota

Answer 31

1. prevent growth of pathogens 2. make folic acid and vitamin K 3. ward off disease

Question 32

Emerging infectious diseases

Answer 32

New diseases and diseases increasing in incidence

Question 33

West Nile

Answer 33

1. virus | 2. in Africa

Question 34

Bovine spongiform encehalopathy

Answer 34

1. prion | 2. holes in head

Question 35

e coli O57:H7

Answer 35

1. bacteria 2. make toxins 3. + diarrhea

Question 36

Invasive group A streptococcus

Answer 36

1. bacteria | 2. +tissue damage

Question 37

Ebola

Answer 37

1. ebola virus 2. fever, hemorrhaging and blood clotting 3. Africa

Question 38

Avian influenza A

Answer 38

1. influenza A virus (H2N2)

Question 39

Savere acute respiratory syndrom

Answer 39

(SARS) 1. virus, coronavirus 2. person to person

Question 40

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrom

Answer 40

(AIDS) 1. virus 2. STD 3. person to person

Question 41

Cryptosporidiosis

Answer 41

1. protozoa-cryptosporidium | 2. + diarrhea