Chapter 1

Question 0

Pedagogy

Answer 0

The study of teaching and learning with applications to the instructional process.

Question 1

Educational Psychology

Answer 1

The study of learning and teaching.

Question 2

Intentionality

Answer 2

Doing things for a purpose; teachers who use intentionality plan their actions based on the outcomes they want to achieve.

Question 3

Teacher Efficacy

Answer 3

The degree to which teachers feel that their own efforts determine the success of their students.

Question 4

Critical Thinking

Answer 4

Evaluation of conclusions through logical and systematic examination of the problem, the evidence, and the solution.

Question 5

Principle

Answer 5

Explanation of the relationship between factors, such as the effects of alternative grading systems on student motivation.

Question 6

Theory

Answer 6

A set of principles that explains and relates certain phenomena.

Question 7

Treatment

Answer 7

A special program that is the subject of an experiment.

Question 8

Variable

Answer 8

Something that can have more than one value.

Question 9

Experiment

Answer 9

Procedure used to test the effect of a treatment.

Question 10

Random Assignment

Answer 10

Selection by chance into different treatment groups; intended to ensure equivalence of the groups.

Question 11

Laboratory Experiment

Answer 11

Experiment in which conditions are highly controlled.

Question 12

Internal Validity

Answer 12

The degree to which an experiment’s results can be attributed to the treatment in question rather than other factors.

Question 13

Randomized Field Experiment

Answer 13

Experiment conducted under realistic conditions in which individuals are assigned by chance to receive different practical treatments or programs.

Question 14

Experimental Group

Answer 14

Group that receives treatment during an experiment.

Question 15

Control Group

Answer 15

Group that receives no special treatment during an experiment.

Question 16

External Validity

Answer 16

Degree to which results of an experiment can be applied to real-life situations.

Question 17

Single-Case Experiment

Answer 17

Experiment that studies a treatment’s effect on one person or one group by contrasting behavior before, during, and after application of the treatment.

Question 18

Correlational Study

Answer 18

Research into the relationships between variables as they naturally occur.

Question 19

Negative Correlation

Answer 19

Relationship in which high levels of one variable correspond to low levels of another.

Question 20

Uncorrelated Variables

Answer 20

Variables for which there is no relationship between levels of one compared to another.

Question 21

Descriptive Research

Answer 21

Research study aimed at identifying and gathering detailed information about a topic of interest.

Question 22

Action Research

Answer 22

Research carried out by educators in their own classrooms or schools.