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Biology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Correct order of hierarchy of biological organization from most to least

A

BECPOOT.COM
biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism, organ, tissue, cells, organelle, molecule

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2
Q

What are emergent properties and give an example

A

A characteristic or property an entity gains when it becomes apart of a bigger system
Ex) When amino acids are joined together to make a protein with catalytic properties and creates an enzymatic protein that speeds up the rate of reaction

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3
Q

What happens to chemical nutrients in an ecosystem?

A

They recycle within the ecosystem and are constantly be reused

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4
Q

What do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?

A

They use DNA molecule to store info, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosome

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5
Q

Differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes

A

Eukaryotes: have a membrane enclosed nucleus usually found in all organism except archae and bacteria, commonly found in multicellular organisms

Prokaryotes: no nucleus, no membrane enclosed organelles, usually smaller than eukaryotes

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6
Q

Cell theory

A

ALL living organisms are made up of cells

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7
Q

What does DNA stand for

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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8
Q

How does DNA encode info?

A

Info is encoded in the sequence of nucleotides

The sequential arrangement of the 4 different nucleotide letters encodes the instructions contained in DNA

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9
Q

The taxonomic domain that has multicellular photosynthetic organisms

A

Eukarya

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10
Q

Why does competition between organisms occur according to the theory of natural selection?

A

Organisms produce too many offspring with limited amount of resources/food

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11
Q

What is the unity in the diversity of life?

A

1) All organisms use the same genetic code(this includes all eukaryotes and prokaryotes)
2) DNA is structured the same in all organisms
3) the forelimbs of all mammals have the same basic structure, modified for different environments
4) cilia and flagella in all eukaryotes have the same basic structure

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12
Q

What has to be true about a hypothesis for it to be used in science?

A

It must be able testable and falsifiable

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13
Q

What is the scientific theory

A

A scientist must have a testable hypotheses, supported by a large body of evidence and is broad in scope

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14
Q

What are the properties of life

A

-order
-evolutionary adaptation
-regulation
-energy processing
-Growth and development
-reproduction
-response to environment

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15
Q

Characteristics of life

A

1) all living things have nuclei acid, proteins, amino acids and lipids
2) living things all have cells
3) living things reproduce
4) living things use energy and ram materials
5) living things respond to stimuli
6) living things maintain homeostasis
7) living things evolve and have adaptive traits ie. natural selection

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16
Q

Unifying themes of biology

A

1) organization: being able to divide different cells/organism—> BECPOOT.COM
2) information: info inside of chromosomes have DNA (transcription->translation->protein folding)
3)Energy and Matter: the input of energy and its ability to transforms and effect life
4)interactions: interactions between organism ensure smooth functionality (negative feedback regulation)
5)Evolution: adaptation and natural selection

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17
Q

What is science?

A

The study of the relationship between living & non-living things

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18
Q

Theory

A

A well supported concept that has broad explanatory power

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19
Q

Why should an experiment only test one variable at a time?

A

It ensures the experimental outcome is the result of one known factor

20
Q

When should experiments repetition happen?

A

Experiments must he repeated and results verified to come to a conclusion

21
Q

Scientific process can be used to address all the following categories except

A

Ethical dilemmas

22
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

Type of reasoning that use a general premise to draw a specific conclusion

23
Q

Inductive reasoning

A

A body of observations are used to create a general principle

24
Q

What level of biological organization does evolution act upon?

A

Population

25
Q

Domain eukarya with single-called species

A

Protists

26
Q

DNA process

A

DNA →transcribed into rna/mrna → translated into proteins

27
Q

What are the 3 domain’s of life

A

Domain bacteria, domain archae, domain eukarya

28
Q

What is domain eukarya comprised of?

A
  • Kingdom plantae :plants/multicelluar eukaryotes that Cary out photosynthesis
  • Kingdom fungi:mushrooms—> absorbs nutrients from outside of the body
  • protists:amoeba → unicellular eukaryotes
    -Kingdom Animalia:animals → multicellular eukaryotes that eat other organisms
29
Q

Natural selection was first called….

A

Descent with modification

30
Q

3 observations that head to the creation of natural selection?

A

1: individuals in a population have varied traits inherited from parents

#2: a lot of offspring can be produced but not all will survive → not enough food → competition
#3:species will adapt their bodies to better fit their environment

31
Q

What are the effects of natural selection?

A

Over time ancestral species can give rise to 2 or more descendant species ex) can happen through subpopulations

32
Q

What is Data

A

Recorded observations

33
Q

Inductive reasoning

A

Deriving generalizations from a large number of specific observations

34
Q

Simplified scientific process

A

Observation→question →2 hypothesis →2 predictions → 2 test of prediction →2 results

35
Q

Induction reasoning vs. Deductive reasoning

A

While induction entails reasoning from a set of specific observations to reach a general conclusion, deductive reasoning involves logic that flows in the opposite direction, from the general to the specific.

36
Q

Case study for scientific inquiry

A

Coat colorations in mouse populations: (1920) Francis sumner used inductive reasoning to form a hypothesis that color patterns has evolved as adaptations so the mice can camouflage better in their environments

37
Q

Independent variable

A

The factor being manipulated

38
Q

Control group

A

Does not realer treatment

39
Q

Dependent variable

A

The factor being measured affected by independent variable

40
Q

Who discover DNA

A

Watson & crick

41
Q

Model organism

A

Certain animalspeeres chosen fer research

42
Q

Bioinformatics

A

Using technology like computers to process and integrate biological info from large datasets

43
Q

Genome

A

Complete complement of anorganisms genes along with ITS noncoding nucleic acid sequences

44
Q

Gene

A

Discrete unit of hereditary info(nucleotide sequence)

45
Q

Molecule

A

2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

46
Q

What is DNA made up of?

A

Chromosomes which contains genetic material

47
Q

When energy is lost as heat is called

A

Entropy

Biology (23 decks)

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