Chapter 1

Question 1

Sociological imagination - Who? What?

Answer 1

-primary focus is society (not the individual)
- helps us understand how social forces shape people’s circumstances
- help us understand the connection between the political and the personal
-C. Wright Mills

Question 2

Ibn Khaldun - What?

Answer 2

• was the fist person to conduct a sociological study
• as societies become more affluent they inevitably reach a point of decay and demise

Question 3

Sociology emerged in France, Germany, and Britain in the 19th century as a response to:

Answer 3

• Industrialization
  -Urbanization
• Population increases

Question 4

Auguste Comte

Answer 4

• supporter of positivist philosophy (Everything real can be determined through scientific study or logic everything else ex: instinct, cultural bias etc., is not real)
• wanted to develop a social science for social reconstruction

Question 5

Harriet Martineau

Answer 5

• first woman sociologist
• social, economic, and historical topics
• translated comte’s works

Question 6

Herbert spencer

Answer 6

• made the term survival of the fittest
• applied Darwin’s theories to humans

Question 7

Friedrich Nietzsche

Answer 7

• no compassion for the weak
• will to power (the strong can rise above ordinary morality)

Question 8

Émile Durkheim

Answer 8

• One of the first to consider society a legit observation subject
  -studied social facts (ethics, occupations, suicide)

Question 9

Georg Simmel

Answer 9

-Father of microsociology (studied how people experience the day to day of life)

Question 10

Max weber

Answer 10

• Thought protestant work ethic caused the rise of capitalism
  explanation: Protestants believed there was a predestined group of people who had been chosen to be saved and wanted to be seen as being part of it. they used success and accumulation of capital aka money as proof that they were part of that group.

working hard
saving
and living a materially ascetic (self denying) life by saving all the money/ only really buying property were all principles of the protestant work ethic

Question 11

Antonio Gramsci

Answer 11

• Marxist theorist
• theory on power and hegemony (influence exerted by a dominant group)

Question 12

Thomas Malthus

Answer 12

• Political economy
• population growth would inevitably be checked by opposing impact of famine and disease

Question 13

William Graham Sumner

Answer 13

-taught first American sociology course (at yale)
- studied significance of manners mores, and taboos

Question 14

Thorstein Veblen

Answer 14

-Attacked American “Conspicuous consumption”

Question 15

Jane Addams

Answer 15

-established America’s first settlement house in Chicago
-social worker/activist, sociologist

Question 16

`George Herbert Mead

Answer 16

• created symbolic interactionism
• self is constructed through personal exchanges with others

Question 17

Charles Horton Cooley

Answer 17

• symbolic interactionist (looking glass self), self is created through social interaction

Question 18

Robert Park

Answer 18

-urban sociologist
-founding ember of the Chicago school of sociology
-focus on human ecology (views the city as the main habitat for the human species)

Question 19

W.E.B. Du Bois

Answer 19

-documented African American experience
-double consciousness ( colonized people are forced to see the world form the colonizers point of view which causes internal conflict)

Question 20

Edwin sutherland

Answer 20

-Criminal sociologist and symbolic interactionist
-white collar crime

Question 21

E. Franklin Fraier

Answer 21

-Studied African American families

Question 22

Everett C. Hughes

Answer 22

• Chicago school sociologist
• ethnic division of labour in Quebec
  -community research

Question 23

chicago school

Answer 23

• conditions in chicago were bad
• first sociology department in america
  -urban sociology
• Robert Park, Ernest Burgess, Everett C. Hughes,
  George Herbert Mead, Edwin Sutherland, and Jane Addams

Question 24

Introduction to the science of sociology was written by who?

Answer 24

Robert park and Ernest Burgess

Question 25

Different research methods used

Answer 25

-ethnography -statistical measures -community research -participant observation

Question 26

Carl Addington Dawson

Answer 26

-went to university of Chicago -established sociology department at McGill work reflected: - social gospel movement (a movement to apply the human welfare principles of Christianity to the social, medical and psychological ills caused by industrialization and uncontrolled capitalism) -Hands on social work

Question 27

first Canadians to write a sociology textbook

Answer 27

- Carl Addington Dawson and Warren E. Gettys -not a lot of Canadian context

Question 28

McGill

Answer 28

Carl Addington Dawson, Everett C. Hughes, Horace Miner

Question 29

Horace Miner

Answer 29

-Chicago school american sociologist and anthropologist studied french canada -ethnography

Question 30

ethnography

Answer 30

-a study of a community based on extensive fieldwork, primary research activities are direct observation of and interaction with the people observed. -main research method used in social anthropology

Question 31

Folk society

Answer 31

-very opposite to urban society -small rural homogenous society strong sense of the sacred and the personal

Question 32

U of T

Answer 32

Harold Innis, S.D Clark

Question 33

Harold Innis

Answer 33

- political economy (Relationship between politics and the economics of the production, distribution and consumption of goods) -influence of staple goods on the economic and social development of Canada

Question 34

Samuel Delbert Clark

Answer 34

-sociological historian - founded the department at u of t

Question 35

John porter

Answer 35

-relationship between class and ethnicity -cultural mosaic (groups maintain their distinct identities instead of being absorbed into a melting pot -vertical mosaic (systemic discrimination made a hierarchy of ethnic, racial, and religious groups) he believed ethnicity was the biggest factor in determining how the "tiles" were ranked

Question 36

Anne Marion Maclean

Answer 36

-First Canadian women to get a PhD in sociology (university of Chicago)

Question 37

Aileen Ross

Answer 37

-first women hired as a sociologist at a Canadian university (u of T)

Question 38

Helen C. Abell

Answer 38

founder of rural sociology in Canada

Question 39

Dorothy smith (2 key theories)

Answer 39

1. Feminist standpoint theory Knowledge is developed form a particular lived position therefore objectivity was impossible 2. Institutional ethnography Challenges the need for a neutral stance in sociological research

Question 40

Soociology became a significant area of study in canada in the _____ but ______ are still underrepresented today

Answer 40

- 1960's and 1970's -indigenous sociologists

Question 41

Indigenous sociologists

Answer 41

Harold Cardinal, George Manuel, and Howard Adams

Question 42

Confucius

Answer 42

-role modelling