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Body Structures & Functions > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

Intro to the Structural Units

1
Q

abdominal cavity

A

area of the body that contains the stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, small intestine, appendix, and part of the large intestine

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2
Q

abdominopelvic cavity (ab-dom-ih-noh-PEL-vick)

A

area below the diaphragm, with no separation between the abdomen and pelvis

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3
Q

anabolism (ah-NAB-oh-lizm)

A

building up of complex materials in metabolim

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4
Q

anatomical position

A

body standing erect, face forward, arms at side, and palms forward

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5
Q

anatomy (ah-NAT-oh-mee)

A

the study of the structure of an organism

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6
Q

anterior

A

front or ventral

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7
Q

biology (bye-OL-oh-jee)

A

the study of all forms of life

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8
Q

buccal cavity (BUCK-ull)

A

mouth cavity bounded by the inner surface of the cheek

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9
Q

catabolism (kah-TAB-oh-lizm)

A

the breaking down and changing of complex materials with the release of energy; a process in metabolism

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10
Q

caudal (KAWD-al)

A

refers to direction, near the tall end of the body

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11
Q

cell

A

basic unit of structure and function of all living things

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12
Q

cephalic (seh-FAL-ick)

A

directional term used to mean toward the head

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13
Q

coronal (frontal) plane

A

frontal plane at a right angle to the sagittal plan; divides the body into anterior and posterior segments

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14
Q

cranial cavity

A

area of the body containing the brain

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15
Q

cytology (sigh-TOL-oh-jee)

A

study of cells

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16
Q

deep

A

directional term used to describe an internal organ within the body ssuch as the stomach

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17
Q

dermatology (der-mah-TOL-oh-jee)

A

study of the physiology and pathology of the skin

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18
Q

disease (diz-EASE)

A

any abnormal changes in the structure and function of an organism that produces symptoms

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19
Q

distal

A

farthest from the point of origin of a structure; opposite of proximal

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20
Q

dorsal

A

pertaining to the back

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21
Q

dorsal cavity

A

posterior cavity of the body that houses the brain and spinal column

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22
Q

embryology (em-bree-OL-oh-jee)

A

study of the formation of an organism from fertilized egg to birth

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23
Q

endocrinology (en-doh-krin-OL-oh-jee)

A

study of the physiology and pathology of the hormonal system

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24
Q

epigastric (ep-ih-GAS-trick)

A

upper region of the abdominal cavity, located just below the sternum

25
external
superficial; at or near the surface of the skin
26
histology (hiss-TOL-oh-jee)
microscopic study of living tissues
27
homeostasis (hoe-mee-oh-STAY-sis)
state of balance; the ability of the healthy body to regulate the internal environment within narrow limits
28
hypogastric (high-poh-GAS-trick)
lower region of the abdominal area
29
inferior
below another or lower
30
internal
term used to refer to body cavities and hollow organs; same as 'deep'
31
lateral
toward the side
32
life functions
a series of highly organized and related activities that allow living organisms to live, grow, and maintain themselves
33
medial
directional term, toward midline of the body
34
metabolism (meh-TAB-oh-lizm)
the functional activities of cells that result in growth, repair, and the release of energy by the cells
35
metric system
a decimal system based on the power of 10. The medical community uses this system to determine length (measured in cm = centimeters), weight (measured in g = gram, mg = milligram, kg = kilogram), and volume (measured in L = liter, mL = milliliter)
36
midsagittal plane
an imaginary line dividing the body into equal right and left halves
37
nasal cavity
one of the pair of cavities between the anterior nares and the nasopharynx
38
neurology (new-ROL-oh-jee)
study of the physiology and pathology of the nervous system
39
oral cavity
encloses the teeth and tongue
40
orbital cavity
contains the eye and its external structures
41
organ system
organs that are grouped together because more than one is needed to perform a function
42
organs
groups of tissues organized according to structure and function
43
pelvic cavity
area of the body containing the urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum, remainder of the large intestine, and appendix
44
physiology (fiz-ee-OL-oh-jee)
study of the functions of living organisms and their parts
45
planes
imaginary, anatomical dividing lines useful in separating body structures
46
posterior
located behind or at the back; opposite to anterior
47
proximal
located nearest the center of the body; point of attachment of a structure
48
quadrants
a term used in reference to the abdominal area by dividing it into four areas, or quadrants
49
sagittal plane (SAJ-ih-tal)
directional term that divides the body into left and right parts
50
section
a cut made through the body in the direction of a certain plane
51
spinal cavity
area of the body containing the spinal cord
52
superficial
on or near the surface of the body
53
superior
in anatomy, higher; denoting upper of two parts, toward vertex
54
thoracic cavity (tho-RASS-ik)
area of the body divided into two cavities: the left pleural cavity contains the left lung and the right pleural cavity contains the right lung
55
tissues
cells grouped according to size, shape, and function; epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve tissues are examples
56
transverse
crosswise; at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the body
57
umbilical
area located around the navel; the right and left lumbar region
58
umbilicus (um-BILL-ih-kus)
navel
59
ventral
front or anterior; opposite of posterior or dorsal

Body Structures & Functions (5 decks)

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