chapter 1

Question 1

The 4 basic types of tissues in the body are:

Answer 1

epitheleal, connective, muscular, nervous

Question 2

What body system synthesizes vitamin D and other biochemicals?

Answer 2

digestive

Question 3

The outer covering of a long bone is called:

Answer 3

periosteum

Question 4

What aspect of long bones is responsible for the production of red blood cells?

Answer 4

medullary aspect

Question 5

What aspect of the long bone is essential for bone growth?

Answer 5

periosteum

Question 6

The primary growth center for long bones is:

Answer 6

diaphysis

Question 7

The secondary growth center for long bones is:

Answer 7

epiphysis

Question 8

The _______ is the wider portion of a long bone in which bone growth in length occurs.

Answer 8

metaphysis

Question 9

What are the 3 functional classifications of joints?

Answer 9

synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis

Question 10

What are the 3 structural classifications of joints?

Answer 10

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Question 11

Examples of fibrous joints are:

Answer 11

roots around teeth, skull surtures, distal tibiofibular joint

Question 12

Examples of cartilaginous joints are:

Answer 12

epiphyses, intervertebral disk space, symphysis pubis

Question 13

Examples of synovial joints are:

Answer 13

first carpometacarpal of thumb, proximal radioulnar joint, interphalangeal joints, hip joints

Question 14

What are the 7 types of movement for synovial joints?

Answer 14

plane (gliding), ginglymus (hinge), pivot (trochoid), ellipsoid (condylar), saddle (sellar), ball and socket (spheroidal), bicondylar

Question 15

What body type makes up 35% of the population?

Answer 15

hyposthenic

Question 16

5% of the population has a ______ body type

Answer 16

hypersthenic

Question 17

A plane taken at right angles along any point of the longitudinal axis of the body is the ______ plane

Answer 17

transverse

Question 18

What term describes the bending of a part outward?

Answer 18

varus

Question 19

In “ACE”, “A” stands for:

Answer 19

announce your name

Question 20

In “ACE”, “C” stands for:

Answer 20

communicate your credentials

Question 21

What are the 2 rules or principles for determining positioning routines as they relate to the maximum number of projections required in a basic routine?

Answer 21

A. a minimum of 2 projections 90 degrees for each other B. a minimum of 3 projections when joints are in the prime interest area

Question 22

The radiographic analog image is composed of metallic _______ on a polyester base.

Answer 22

silver

Question 23

What are the 4 image quality factors for film-based radiographic images?

Answer 23

density, contrast, spatial resolution, distortion

Question 24

The range of exposure over which a film produces an an acceptable image is the definition for:

Answer 24

exposure latitude

Question 25

When analog images, using manual technique settings, are underexposed or overexposed, a minimum change is mAs of _______ is required to make a visible difference in the radiographic density.

Answer 25

25% to 30%

Question 26

What are 3 common types of compensating filters?

Answer 26

wedge, trough, boomerang

Question 27

Situation: A radiograph of the foot is produced using conventional analog image receptors. The resulting radiograph demonstrates too little density and must be repeated. The original exposure was 5 mAs. What mAs is needed to correct the density on this radiograph?

Answer 27

10 mAs

Question 28

Situation: A radiograph of the hand is underexposed and must be repeated. The original technique used was 55 kvp with 2.5 mAs. The technologist decides to keep the mAs at the same level but to change the kvp to increase radiographic density. How much of an increase is needed in kvp to double the density?

Answer 28

8- to 10- kvp increase

Question 29

The lack of visible sharpness is called:

Answer 29

blur

Question 30

What are the 4 primary controlling factors of distortion?

Answer 30

OID, SID, object IR alignment, CR placement

Question 31

Digital processing involves the systematic application of highly complex mathematical formulas called:

Answer 31

algorithms

Question 32

Exposure latitude with digital imaging is ______ when compared with analog imaging.

Answer 32

wider

Question 33

What are the 6 image quality factors to evaluate a digital image?

Answer 33

brightness, contrast, spatial resolution, distortion, noise, exposure indicator

Question 34

What are 2 pixel sizes used in digital imaging?

Answer 34

aquisition pixel size, display pixel size

Question 35

Which of the 2 pixel sizes is most critical in maintaining high-resolution digital images?

Answer 35

aquisition pixel size

Question 36

The current range of spatial resolution for digital radiographic imaging systems is between:

Answer 36

2.5 and 5.0 1p/mm

Question 37

A numeric value that is representative of the exposure that the digital image receptor receives is termed the:

Answer 37

exposure indicator

Question 38

What are the 4 factors that affect the exposure indicator in the digital image?

Answer 38

mas, kvp, total area irradiated, objects exposed

Question 39

A random disturbance that obscures clarity is the definition for:

Answer 39

noise

Question 40

Increasing brightness along margins of structures to increase the visibility of the edges is termed:

Answer 40

edge enhancement

Question 41

Reversing the dark and light pixel values of an image is:

Answer 41

invert image

Question 42

What are thye 3 components of a PSP-CR system?

Answer 42

IP, IP reader, tech work station

Question 43

What is the formula for converting cm to in?

Answer 43

cm divided by 2.54

Question 44

The electronic transmission of diagnostic imaging studies is termed:

Answer 44

teleradiography

Question 45

The _____ receptor is made with amorphous selenium

Answer 45

FPD_TFT

Question 46

Series of "boxes" that give form to the image:

Answer 46

display matrix

Question 47

Range of exposure intensities that produce an acceptable image:

Answer 47

exposure latitude

Question 48

The user adjusting the window level and window width:

Answer 48

windowing

Question 49

Respresentative of the number of shades of gray that can be demonstrated by each pixel:

Answer 49

bit depth

Question 50

Which radiation unit is used to measure the amount of ionizations created in air?

Answer 50

Roentgen

Question 51

Which unit of measurement is used to describe patient dose?

Answer 51

gray

Question 52

______ dose allows comparisons of the relative risk from various imaging procedures.

Answer 52

effective

Question 52

What is the SI unit for Roentgen

Answer 52

c/kg of air

Question 53

What is the SI unit for rad?

Answer 53

Gy

Question 54

What is the SI unit for rem?

Answer 54

Sv

Question 55

Personnel monitoring devices must be worn if there is a possibility of acquiring ____% of the annual occupational effective dose limit.

Answer 55

10

Question 56

What are the 2 most common metals used for added filtration?

Answer 56

aluminum and copper

Question 57

Gonad shields absorb ____ of the primary beam in the 50- to 100- kvp range.

Answer 57

95% to 99%

Question 58

What is the federally set limit for exposure rates for intensified fluoroscopy units?

Answer 58

10 R/min

Question 59

What area shield is used for a sterile procedure?

Answer 59

shadow

Question 60

In high-level fluoroscopy mode, the exposure rate measured at tabletop cannot exceed:

Answer 60

20 R/min

Question 61

The average exposure rate for fluoroscopy equipment is:

Answer 61

1 to 3 R/min