chapter 1

Question 1

who were hunter-gatherers?

Answer 1

nomadic people who lived 10,000 years ago by hunting animals and gathering wild plants and depended on nature for survival

Question 2

whats a food system?

Answer 2

describes the activities that food goes through from its place of origin until it is an edible food product
often described as ‘farm to fork’ or ‘paddock to plate’

Question 3

what is domestication?

Answer 3

selective breeding of plants and animals for human use (e.g. sheep, goat, cow)

Question 4

what are agricultural food systems?

Answer 4

establishment of early permanent settlements close to reliable water supplies in order to plant and harvest crops and to domesticate animals

Question 5

what is cultivating?

Answer 5

deliberately sowing and tending crops on nearby land

Question 6

what is swidden farming?

Answer 6

involved slashing and burning plants in a forest to create fertile fields for cropping. seeds for the crops were then planted in those ashes that remained on the forest floor. it remained fertile for a few years and then farmers moved on, allowing the area return to forest.

Question 7

3 advantages of hunter-gatherer communities

Answer 7

-there was no hierarchy so there was a general sense of equality
-had a healthy diet, based mainly on plant foods with some protein from animals and fish
-they were physically active, moving from place to place in search of food

Question 8

3 challenges of hunter-gatherer communities

Answer 8

-change in climate could become much cooler and dryer which cause food shortages
-strict portion control to balance the availability of food
-when the population grew larger, there was a greater demand for food then they could supply

Question 9

what does it mean to be nomadic?

Answer 9

people who have no permanent place to live and move from one place to another

Question 10

3 advantages of agricultural food systems

Answer 10

-reliable and stable food supply
-larger population as they can properly take care of babies
-encouraged trade of crops between different countries

Question 11

3 disadvantages of agricultural food systems

Answer 11

-animals could get diseases which could kill them
-climate can be unpredictable
-wild animals could feed on crops they have been farming

Question 12

what were the types of food available for hunter-gatherers?

Answer 12

fruits/veggies
seeds
honey
birds
native animals

Question 13

what were the types of foods available for agricultural food systems?

Answer 13

goat
sheep
cattle
veggies
grains- oat, wheat
fruit
cacao plants