Chapter 1

Question 1

6 criteria when defining abnormal behavior

Answer 1

if behavior is..1. Unusual or rare

2. Socially deviant
3. based on faulty perceptions or interpretations of reality
4. facilitates distress or discomfort
5. self defeating or maladaptive
6. Dangerous

Question 2

Psychological Disorder

Answer 2

Pattern of abnormal behavior that is associated with states of significat emotional distress such as anxiety or depression, or with impaired ability to function.

Question 3

How many Americans affected?

Answer 3

One in two (46%)

Question 4

How many diagnosable disorders in a given year?

Answer 4

1 in 4

Question 5

Medical model

Answer 5

perspective that views abnormal behavior patterns as symptoms of an underlying illness. Term mental disorder is derived from this model.

Question 6

6 key points from Surgeon general’s report issued in new millenium

Answer 6

1. mental health reflects the complex interaction of brain and eviro2. treatments exist for most disorders and is often more effective when psycho and pharmo combined
2. Progress in developing effective prevention programs is slow because we do not know the cause of disorders.
3. Although 15% of American Adults receive some help many do not
4. Mental health problems best understood when considering the social and cultural contexts which they occur.
5. Mental health services need to be designed so that racial and ethnic minorites are considered.

Question 7

Schizophrenia

Answer 7

affects 1% of the population. Includes socially deviant or bizarre behavior, distrubed perceptions, maladaptive behavior.

Question 8

Trephination

Answer 8

The drilling of the skull to provide an outlet for spirits.

Question 9

Hippocrates

Answer 9

Believed illnesses of the body and mind were the result of natural causes. Health depended on humors or vital fluids. Phlegm, black bile, yellow bile, and blood. Inbalance in humors resulted in abnormal behavior. His theory foreshadowed medical model. Classified abnormal behaviors using three categories: melancholia- depression, mania-exceptional excitment, phrentis- schizo

Question 10

Johann Weyer

Answer 10

took up cause of hippocrates and Galen by saying abnormal behavior casued by physical problems

Question 11

Asylums

Answer 11

introduced in late 15th, 16th century thru Europe.

Question 12

Jean Baptiste Pussin & Phillip Pinel

Answer 12

Part of the Reform movement, in late 18th century. Said ppl who behave abnormally suffer from diseases and should be treated humanely. Started Moral therapy- based on belief that providing right environment could restore functioning.

Question 13

Ben Rush

Answer 13

Considered the father of American psychiatry. Thought madness caused by engorgemnt of blood vessels in brain and suggested bloodletting. His philly hospital became first in the US to admit patients for psych disorders.

Question 14

Dorthea Dix

Answer 14

Boston school teacher. Rallied for 32 mental hospitals to devote to treating disorders.

Question 15

Deinstitutionalization

Answer 15

policy in 1963 shifting the burden of care from state hospitals to community based treatment settings.

Question 16

Homless

Answer 16

one third of homless adults in US suffer from mental illness

Question 17

Biological Perspective

Answer 17

Abnormal behavior is a mental illness that can be classified like a physical illness according to distiinct symptoms and causes.

Question 18

Wihlem Griesinger

Answer 18

argued that abnormal behavior was rooted in diseased of the brain

Question 19

Emil Kraepelin

Answer 19

Two main groups of disorders: 1. Dementia Praecox- schizo
2. Manic Depression- bipolar
DP caused by chemical imbalances and Bipolar caused by abnormal metabolism.
Made major contribution to development of classification system of current diagnostic systems.

Question 20

General Paresis

Answer 20

A distrubed behacior associated with physical symptoms and psych impairment including personality and mood changes and with progressive deterioration of mem functioning. Caused by bacteria invading brain from advanced stage of syphilis. Gave support to the medical model in late 19th century.

Question 21

Comorbidity

Answer 21

Co occuring diagnoses

Question 22

Jean- Martin Charcot

Answer 22

Expiermented with hypnosis to treat hysteria- a condition with paralysis or numbness that cant be explained by physical cause.

Question 23

PsychoDynamic Model

Answer 23

First psychological perspective on abnormal behavior. Freud said the psych factors that give rise to hysteria must be unconcious processes.

Question 24

Joseph Breuer

Answer 24

Freud was influenced by him. Breuer used hypnosis to treat Anna O with hysteria. When anna talked about events with symptoms, it provided symptom relief (called it talking cure/ chimney sweeping) Breuer labeled this therapy as catharsis.

Question 25

Homosexuality abnormal until?

Answer 25

1973

Question 26

Sociocultural Perspective

Answer 26

Believe cause of abnormal behavior found in the failures of society. Focuse on relationship factors such as gender/race/lifestyle.

Question 27

Biopsychosocial Perspective

Answer 27

AKA interactionist model, interplay of bio, psycho, and sociocultural factors.

Question 28

4 objectives of science

Answer 28

1. Describe2. Explain
2. Predict
3. Control

Question 29

3 Principals in Ethics

Answer 29

1. Promote the dignity of the individual2. protect human welfare
2. preserve scientific integrity

Question 30

Two major principles of ethic guidelines

Answer 30

1. Informed consent2. confidentiality

Question 31

Naturalistic Observation

Answer 31

Provides info on how ppl behave but not why

Question 32

Selection Factor

Answer 32

type of bias in which differences between experimental and control group result from diffs in types of particpants not the IV

Question 33

attention-placebo control group

Answer 33

participants are exposed to a believable or credible treatment that contains the nonspecific factors that all therapies share but not the specific one in the IV

Question 34

Internal validity

Answer 34

when the observed changes in the DV are caused by the IV

Question 35

External Validity

Answer 35

the generalizability of results of an experimental study to other subjects.

Question 36

Construct Validity

Answer 36

higher level of validity. The degree to which treatment effects can be accounted for by the theoretical mechanisms or constructs represented in the IV. (must do what you said it was going to do). Can never be certain of this.

Question 37

Kinship studies

Answer 37

Attempt to disentangle the roles of heredity and environment.

Question 38

Genes

Answer 38

Regulate the development of traits. Chromos house are genes. There are 20,000 to 25,000 genes in the human body.

Question 39

Genotype vs. Phenotype

Answer 39

G is the set of traits specified by our genetic codeP is the expressed traits. It is the combo of genetics and eviro.

Question 40

Proband

Answer 40

The case first diagnosed.

Question 41

Monozygotic twins

Answer 41

100% genetic overlap, identical twins. Zygote divides into two cells

Question 42

Dizygotic twins

Answer 42

50% overlap, fraternal twins, two Zygotes fertilized.

Question 43

Concordance rate

Answer 43

the percentage of cases in both twins with the same disorder (higher for MZ twins)

Question 44

single case experimental design

Answer 44

developed due to lack of control in traditional case study. Subjects serve as own controls most common is the reversal design or ABAB- baseling/treatment/baseline/treatment