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AP Human Geography > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

Map

A

Maps are the tool most uniquely identified with geography; the ability to use and interpret maps is an essential geographic skill

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1
Q

Spatial

A

of or pertaining to space on or near Earth’s surface

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2
Q

Map Scale

A

Distance on a map relative to distance on Earth

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3
Q

Model

A

a simplified abstraction of reality, structured to clarify casual relationships ; geographers use models to explain patterns, make informed decisions, and predict future behaviors

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4
Q

Possibilism

A

The physical environment may limit some human actions but people have the ability to adjust to their environment. People can choose a course of action from many alternatives in the physical environment.

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5
Q

Location

A

“Where”

A space that is occupied in the universe

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6
Q

Absolute Location

A

Exact location

the address

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7
Q

Relative Location

A

How a place is related, or connected to other places

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8
Q

Site

A

refers to the physical character of a site

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9
Q

Situation

A

the location of a place relative to other places

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10
Q

Spatial Interaction

A

movement of people, materials, and ideas or information across Earth

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11
Q

Diffusion

A

spread of an idea or invention

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12
Q

Relocation Diffusion

A

the transfer of ideas, behaviors, or articles from one place to another through the migration of those possessing the feature transported

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13
Q

Expansion Diffusion

A

the spread of ideas, behaviors, or articles through a culture area or from one culture to neighboring areas through contact and exchange of information

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14
Q

Contagious diffusion

A

a form of diffusion that depends on direct contact

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15
Q

Stimulus diffusion

A

if the innovation or idea does not spread, but local experimentation and eventual changes in ways of doing things occur due to contact between cultures it is considered diffusion

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16
Q

Scale

A

Relationship between a map and reality in cartographic terms

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17
Q

Regions

A

An area that is defined by certain shared characteristics

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18
Q

Formal/Uniform Region

A

a type of region marked by a certain degree of homogeneity in one or more phenomena; also called a uniform region or homogenous region

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19
Q

Functional/Nodal Region

A

a region defined by the particular set of activities or interactions that occur within it

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20
Q

Perceptual/Vernacular region

A

a region that only exists as a conceptualization of an idea and not as a physically demarcated entity

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21
Q

Thematic maps

A

show more specific information, often on a single theme or topic

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22
Q

Projection

A

A way of drawing the round Earth as a flat map

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23
Q

Large Scale Maps

A

shows a smaller area in much more detail (city map)

greater than 1:100,000

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24
Small Scale Maps
Shows less detail, larger area
25
Choropleth maps
Statistical variable - shaded or patterned
26
Dot Maps
Each dot represents a certain distance covered ; used for commercial purposes like where wireless reaches
27
Geographic Information System
a high performance computer system that processes geographic data
28
Global Positioning System
takes signals from a series of satellites to pinpoint the current location of a vehicle
29
Remote Sensing
the accusation of data about Earth's surface from a satellite or other long distance methods
30
Mental maps
Visual or verbal maps
31
Environmental determinism
how the physical environment caused social development
32
Physical attributes
Landforms, water bodies, climate, soil, vegetation
33
Cultural attributes
Settlement patterns, population, composition, architecture, economic activities, recreational activities, transportation, language, beliefs, etc
34
Place name location
the name given to or held by a geographical location town, city, village, etc
35
Absolute direction
a compass direction such as north or south
36
Relative direction
directions such as left, right, up & down, backward, etc
37
Absolute distance
distance that can be measured with standard unit length
38
relative distance
measure of distance that includes costs of overcoming the friction of absolute distance separating two places social, economic, connectivity, etc
39
Size
estimation or determination of extent
40
Built landscape
features and patterns reflecting human occupation and the uses of natural resources
41
Sequent occupance
Notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing two cumulative cultural landscape
42
Density
the frequency with which something occurs in space
43
Arithmetic density
Total number of objects in an area, often used to compare distribution of population in different countries
44
Physiological Density
Number of people per unit of area suitable for agriculture
45
Hearth density
the place from which an innovation originates; diffuses from there to other places
46
Hierarchical diffusion
Spread of an idea from people or power to other persons or places of power from people/places of power
47
Distribution
Arrangement of features in space three main properties: density, concentration, pattern
48
Meridian
an arc drawn between North and South poles
49
Longitude
The location of each meridian identified on Earth's surface according to a number system
50
Prime meridian
The meridian at 0 degrees longitude
51
Parallel
a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians
52
Latitude
the numbering system to indicate the location of a parallel
53
Equator
0 degrees latitude
54
North and South Poles
North Pole is 90 degrees north latitude South Pole is 90 degrees south latitude
55
International Date Line
The line of longitude that marks where each new day begins, centered on the 180th meridian
56
Concentration
The extent of a features spread over space
57
Dispersed/Scattered
objects are relatively far apart
58
Clustered/agglomerated
Objects in an area are close together
59
Friction of distance
increase in time and cost that usually comes with increasing distance
60
Distance decay
A function that represents the way that some entity or its influence decays with distance from its geographical location
61
Time-space compression
the increasing sense of connectivity that brings people closer together even though their distances are the same
62
Isoline
map displaying lines that connect points to equal value
63
Accessibility
The relative ease with which a destination may be reached from some other place
64
Connectivity
The degree of economic, social, cultural, or political connection between two places
65
Network
a set of interconnected nodes without a center.
66
Cartogram
Adjusts the size of the country corresponds to the magnitude of the mapped feature.
67
Statistical map
Demonstrates information: Includes dot map, choropleth, and proportional symbol.
68
Linear pattern
straight pattern houses down a street
69
Centralized pattern
clustered or concentrated at a certain place
70
Random pattern
no specific order or logic behind its arrangement

AP Human Geography (12 decks)

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