Chapter 1 Flashcards Preview

Chemistry > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chapter 1 Deck (47)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

what is chemistry concerned with

A

chemistry is concerned with the properties of chemicals and with the changes they can undergo

2
Q

what is any substance that has a defined composition

A

chemical

3
Q

what is the process by which one or more substances change to produce on or more different substances

A

chemical reactions

4
Q

what are the three states of matter

A

solid, liquid, gas

5
Q

what is the difference between microscopic and macroscopic

A

macro= what u see with unaided eye whereas micro=what you would see if you could see individual atoms

6
Q

which type of matter has a fixed volume and shape

A

solid

7
Q

gasses has what?

A

no fixed volume or shape

8
Q

liquids have what?

A

set volume but varying shape

9
Q

what are physical changes?

A

changes in which the identity of a substance doesn’t change however the arrangement, location, and speed of the particles may change

10
Q

what are chemical changes?

A

when identity of substance change and new substances form

11
Q

what is the substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction

A

reactant

12
Q

what is the substance formed in a chemical reaction

A

product

13
Q

what are the four evidences of chemical changes

A

evolution of gas
formation of precipitate
release or absorption of energy
color change in the reaction system

14
Q

what is anything that hass mass and takes up space

A

matter

15
Q

what is the measure of the size of a body or region in 3D space

A

volume

16
Q

how do u calculate volume of liquid

A

use graduated cylinder

17
Q

how to fine volume of a solid

A

length x width x height

18
Q

how do u find volume of gas

A

volume of container it is in

19
Q

what is mass

A

measure of amount of matter in an object

20
Q

what device is used to measure mass

A

balance

21
Q

what is weight

A

measure of gravitational force exerted on an object; it can change with location of object in universe

22
Q

what is something that has magnitude, size, or amount

A

quantity

23
Q

a quantity adopted as a standard of measurements

A

unit

24
Q

how do scientists globally measure something

A

in SI units (see book)

25
Q

what is the ratio that is derived from the equality of two different units and that can be used to convert one unit to the other

A

conversion factor

26
Q

what is a physical PROPERTY

A

a characteristic of a substance that does not involve a chemical change such as density, color, or hardness

27
Q

how do u write and solve for density

A

D= (m/v) which will equal (for example: 2.70 g/cm to the third power)

28
Q

what is the water displacement method

A

used to fine density, place object in water filled graduated cylinder and see how water rises, then measure mass then do m/v

29
Q

what is a property of matter that describes a substance’s ability to participate in chemical reactions

A

chemical property

30
Q

all matter is composed of how many atoms

A

110 different kinds

31
Q

what is an atom

A

the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element

32
Q

what is a pure substance

A

a sample of matter; either a single element or a single compound that has definite chemical and physical properties

33
Q

what are the 2 pure substances

A

element and compound

34
Q

what is monatomic gas and give example

A

gasses that exists in individual atoms…. Helium

35
Q

molecule is what

A

smallest unit of a substance that keeps all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance; it can consist of one atom or two or more atoms bonded together

36
Q

what are two forms of oxygen

A

ozone gas and oxygen gas

37
Q

what is a substances made of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical benefits

A

compounds

38
Q

how are compounds represented

A

in formulas (h2o)

39
Q

structural formula does what

A

shows how atoms are connected

40
Q

ball and stick model shows what

A

realistic distance shown between molecules and angles between them

41
Q

hat is a space filling model for

A

attempts to represent the actual size of atom instead of just its relative position

42
Q

a mixture is what

A

a combo of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

43
Q

what is an example of a mixture

A

sugar in water

44
Q

what describes something that has uniform structure or composition throughout

A

homogenous

45
Q

composed of dissimilar components

A

heterogenous

46
Q

give examples of heterogenous

A

chocolate chip cookie, granite, salad

47
Q

give examples of homogenous

A

iced tea, maple syrup