Chronic
(Of an illness) persisting for a long time; long-standing;
مزمن
Restrict means?
You remember restricted area?
Deviation
The action of departing from an established course or accepted standard; diversions, aggression, departure
انحراف،
Permanence
This state or quality of lasting remaining and changed indefinitely; stability, durability;
The clarity and permanence of the dyes. دوام
Intervene
Come between so as to prevent or alter a result; get involved; Intercede,
He acted outside his authority when he intervened in the dispute.
دخالت كردن
Intercept
To stop sth or somebody
Sustain
Strengthen or support physically or mentally ;
To bear . تحمل كردن
Determine
1.Cause something to occur in a particular way; The side, regulate, dictate.
2. Firmly decide
مشخص كردن، تعيين كردن.
Adjacent
Next to or Adjoining sth else;
Adjacent rooms
هم جوار
Coherent
Logical and consistent; reasoned; rational;
They failed to develop a coherent economic strategy
منسجم و مربوط
Analogous *
Comparable in certain respects; parallel;
They saw the relationship between a ruler and his subjects as analogous to that of father and children. مشابه و قابل قياس
Attribution
Allocation; تخصيص
Association
A connection or corporative link between people or organizations; relationship
He developed a close association with the University
Subsidiary
Auxiliary or supplement
Of, or relating to a subsidy; Subsidiary payments to an ally
Consist (v.)
Be composed or made of ;Include مركب بودن از
Comprise
Consist of; to have sb/sth as parts or members
The collection comprises 327 paintings.
Incorporate
To include sth so that it forms a part of sth:
The new car design incorporates all the latest safety features.
Supplementary
Provided in addition to sth else in order to improve or complete it
Supplementary information
Obligatory
Compulsory (syn).
It is obligatory for all employees to wear protective clothing.
Intensity
The state of being intense;
Intensity of light/color/sound
Inherent
That is basic of permanent part of sb/sth and that cannot be removed;
Violence is inherent in our society.
ذاتى
Possessive
Demanding total attention or love; some parents are too possessive of their children.
Jimmy’s very possessive about his toys.
Proportional
Of an appropriate size, amount or degree in comparison of sth
Salary is proportional to years of experience.
متناسب
Evolve
To develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complicated form.
The idea evolved from a drawing I discovered in the attic.
Compile
To produce sth like book, list by bringing together different items
Undergo
To experience sth especially a change;
My mother underwent major surgery last year.
Discontent
A feeling of being unhappy; dissatisfaction;
There is widespread discontent among the staff at the proposed changes to pay and conditions.
Antithesis
The opposite of sth;
Love is the antithesis of selfishness.
Interaction
برهم كنش
Emergence
ظهور
The emergence of new technologies
Prototype
The first design of sth;
The prototype of the modern bicycle
Derivative
A word or thing that has been developed or produced from another word or thing;
Happiness is the derivative of happy.
Descendant
اولاد
Tribute
An act or a statement that is intended to show your respect or admiration; praise. تكريم و ستايش
At her funeral her oldest friend paid tribute to her life and work.
Inclined
Wanting to do sth;
She was inclined to trust him.
تمايل داشتن. خواستن
He’s inclined to be lazy.
Deceive
To make sb believe sth that is not true;
Her husband had been deceiving her for years.
Conceive
To form ab idea, a plan etc, in your mind; to imagine sth;
God is often conceived of as male.
Hinder
To make it difficult for sb to do sth or for sth to happen;hamper;
Some teachers felt hindered by a lack of resources. ممانعت كردن
Scold
To speak angrily to sb bcs they have done sth wrong. Rebuke;
He scolded them for arriving late.
تشر زدن، دعوا كردن
Dispute
An argument or a disagreement between two people, groups or countries; discussion about a subject where there is disagreement.
A dispute between the two countries about the border
مناقشه و مشاجره
Quarrel
An angry argument between people often about a personal matter.
He did not mention the quarrel with his wife. نزاع
Prick
To make a very small hole in sth with a sharp point;
He pricked the balloon and burst it. سيخونك زدن
Outcome
The way a thing turns out; a consequence.
It is the outcome of the vote that counts.
Foundation
An underlying basis or principle for something .
This idea is the foundation of all modern economics. پايه
Innovation
نوآورى، ابداعthe action or process of innovating;
Implication
The conclusion that can be drawn from something. پيامد،
Substantial
Fundamental; essential; of considerable importance.
A substantial amount of cash قابل توجه
Consultation
The action of formally consulting or discussing;
They improved standards in consultation with consumer representatives. رايزنى
Representative
A person chosen or appointed to act or speak for another or others; نماينده
Conform
Comply with rules, standards, or laws.
The kitchen does not conform to hygiene regulations. مطابقت
Opposition
Resistance or dissent;
There was considerable apposition to the proposal مخالفت
Encounter
Unexpectedly experience or be faced with something difficult or hostile. Experience, heat, run into, come up against
We have encountered one small problem. مواجه شدن
Emerge
Move out of or away from something and come into view. Come out, appear
Black ravens emerged from the fog.
پديدار شدن
Occupy
Take control of the place especially a Country; The region was occupied by Britain during world war one. اشغال كردن
Perceive
Come to realize or understand. Discern, recognize, become aware of.
His mouth fell open as he perceived the truth
Quarrel
An angry argument between people often about a personal matter.
He did not mention the quarrel with his wife. نزاع
Prick
To make a very small hole in sth with a sharp point;
He pricked the balloon and burst it. سيخونك زدن
Outcome
The way a thing turns out; a consequence.
It is the outcome of the vote that counts.
Foundation
An underlying basis or principle for something .
This idea is the foundation of all modern economics. پايه
Implication
The conclusion that can be drawn from something. پيامد،
Substantial
Fundamental; essential; of considerable importance.
A substantial amount of cash قابل توجه
Consultation
The action of formally consulting or discussing;
They improved standards in consultation with consumer representatives. رايزنى
Representative
A person chosen or appointed to act or speak for another or others; نماينده
Conform
Comply with rules, standards, or laws.
The kitchen does not conform to hygiene regulations. مطابقت
Opposition
Resistance or dissent;
There was considerable apposition to the proposal مخالفت
Encounter
Unexpectedly experience or be faced with something difficult or hostile. Experience, heat, run into, come up against
We have encountered one small problem. مواجه شدن
Emerge
Move out of or away from something and come into view. Come out, appear
Black ravens emerged from the fog.
پديدار شدن
Occupy
Take control of the place especially a Country; The region was occupied by Britain during world war one. اشغال كردن
Perceive
Come to realize or understand. Discern, recognize, become aware of.
His mouth fell open as he perceived the truth
Enhance
Intensify; increase. Improve the quality;
His refusal does nothing to enhance his reputation. بالا بردن، زياد كردن
Ultimately
Finally, in the end, eventually, at lenght
Empirical
Based on, concerned with, or verifiable way of the ration of experience rather than theory or pure logic; experimental, practical;
They provided considerable empirical evidence to support their argument. تجربى
Derive
Obtain sth from a specified source; get; procure;
They derived great comfort from this assurance. نتيجه گرفتن
Devote
Give all or a large part of one’s time or resources to a person;allocate; assign;
I wanted to devote more time to my family. اختصاص دادن
Phenomena
A fact or situation that is observed to exist or happen; occurrence; happening;
Glaciers are unique and interesting natural phenomena. پديده
Criteria
The principle or a standard by which something may be judged or decided.
ضوابط، شاخص
Compensate
Give something typically money in recognition of loss suffering or injury incurred; recompense; repay
Payments were made to farmers to compensate them for cuts in subsidies. جبران كردن
Inhibition
A feeling that makes one self-conscious and unable to act in a relaxed and natural way;shyness;
The children, at first shy, soon lost their inhibitions.
Contradiction
The combination of the statements, ideas or features of a situation that are opposed to one another;
The proposed new system suffers from a set of internal contradiction. تناقض، تضاد
Fluctuate
To change, especially continuously and between one level or thing and another;
Vegetable prices fluctuate according to the season.
Her weight fluctuates wildly.
Conformity
Behavior that follows the usual standards that are expected by a group or society;
It’s depressing how much conformity there is in such young children.
انطباق
Coordination
The act of making all people involved in a plan or activity work together in an organized way:
There is absolutely no coordination between the different groups- nobody knows what anyone else is doing.
هماهنگي
Pursue
To follow someone or something, usually to try to catch them;
The car was pursued by helicopters.
تعقيب كردن
Deposit
To leave something Somewhere;
The flood waters fell, depositing mud over the whole area.
گذاشتن
Exceed
To be greater than a number or amount, or to go past an allowed limit;
The final cost should not exceed $5000.
تجاوز كردن
Transmission
The process of broadcasting something but radio, television, etc. or something that is broadcast;
We apologize for the interruption to our transmissions this afternoon.
انتقال، ارسال
Compensation
Money that is paid to someone in exchange for something that has been lost or damaged or for some problem;
She received €40,000 in compensation for a lost eye.
جبران
Diminish
To reduce or be reduced in size or importance;
I don’t want to diminish her achievements, but you did have a lot of help.
خرد شدن، ضعيف كردن
Mandatory
Something that is mandatory must be done or is demanded by law;
The minister was calling for mandatory prison sentences for people who assault police officers.
اجباري
Inclination
A feeling that you want to do a particular thing, or the fact that you prefer or are more likely to do a particular thing;
We should be facing our decisions on solid facts, not inclinations and hunches.
تمايل
Hunch
A feeling or guess based on intuition rather than known facts;
I had a hunch that you’d be here.
احساس وقوع امرى در اينده
Incentive
Something get encourages the person to do something;
Tax incentives have been very effective in encouraging people to save and invest more of their income.
There is no incentive for customers to conserve water.
انگيزه
Conserve
To keep and protect something from damage, change, or waste;
To conserve electricity, we are cutting down on our heating.
ذخيره كردن
Establish
To start a company or organization that will continue for a long time;
These methods of working were established in the last century.
تاسيس شدن، برقرار كردن
Integrate
1.To mix with and join society or a group of people, Often changing to suit the way of life, habits, and customs;
He seems to find it difficult to integrate socially. ادغام كردن
2. Combine one thing with another so that they become a whole;
Transportation planning should be integrated with energy policy.
syn: merge, amalgamate
Predominant
Present as the strongest or main element;More noticeable or important, larger in number, then others;
Research forms the predominant part of my job.
Dancers have a pre-dominant role in this performance.
غالب، برجسته
Contrary
The opposite in nature, direction or meaning;
He ignored contrary advice and agreed on the deal.
مخالف، ضد
Syn: opposite, contradictory
Intrinsic
Being an extremely important and basic characteristic of a person or thing; belonging naturally, essential.
Works of little intrinsic value
Syn: inherent, innate
ذاتى، باطنى
Sunken
Having song or been submerged in water;
They’re driving from sunken treasure.
غرق شده در ته آب
Attain
To reach or succeed in getting something; succeed in achieving.
Has attained the highest grades in his music exams.
Syn: accomplish
رسيدن، دست يافتن