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Physics⚡️ > Chapter 1 🤙🏻 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 🤙🏻 Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

How is energy transferred?

A

By: waves
An electric current
A force when an object falls

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2
Q

What is the principle of the conservation of energy?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

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3
Q

What is a closed system?

A

A system where no energy transfers take place

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4
Q

What is work done?

A

The amount of energy transferred to an object

When a force makes an object move

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5
Q

What is the equation for work done?

A

Work done= force applied x distance moved along the line of the action of the force

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6
Q

What is the equation for the change in gravitational potential energy store?

A

Change of gravitational potential energy store= mass x gravitational field strength x change of height

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7
Q

Why does the gravitational potential energy store of an object increase when it is lifted?

A

Work is done to overcome the gravitational force

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8
Q

What is the power supplied to a motor?

A

The energy supplied to it

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9
Q

What makes an appliance powerful?

A

The faster it transfers energy

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10
Q

How to calculate power (W) using energy transferred and time?

A

Power = energy transferred / time

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11
Q

How to calculate use power wasted by an appliance?

A

Wasted power = total power input - useful power output

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12
Q

Useful energy from a light bulb

A

Light

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13
Q

Wasted energy in a light bulb

A

Heat

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14
Q

Useful energy in a heater

A

Heat

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15
Q

Wasted energy from a heater

A

Light emitted from glowing element

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16
Q

Useful energy in a toaster

A

Heat

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17
Q

Energy wasted from a toaster

A

Heating the toaster itself

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18
Q

Useful energy in a kettle

A

Heat water

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19
Q

Wasted energy in a kettle

A

Heating kettle itself

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20
Q

Useful energy hairdryer

A

Heat

Kinetic energy of fan

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21
Q

Wasted energy from a hairdryer

A

Sound

Heating hairdryer itself

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22
Q

Useful energy in motor

A

GPE of objects lifted

Kinetic energy

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23
Q

Energy wasted from motor

A

Heating motor

Sound

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24
Q

What should an electrical appliance do?

A

Waste as little energy as possible

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25
What is the input energy?
The energy supplied to a device
26
What is the greatest efficiency a decide can have?
100%
27
How do machines waste energy?
Friction between moving parts
28
How to reduce problem of friction?
Lubricants moving parts
29
How to reduce problem of resistance?
Use wires with lower resistance
30
How to reduce problem of air resistance
Streamline
31
How to produce problem of sound being transferred to surroundings
Tighten loose parts
32
What is useful energy?
Energy transferred to where it is wanted in the way it is wanted
33
What is wasted energy?
Energy they isn't usefully transferred
34
What happens when energy dissipates?
It spreads out
35
What is the equation for kinetic energy (J) using mass and speed?
Kinetic energy = 1/2 x mass x speed ^2
36
What is the equation for elastic potential energy using Spring constant, 1/2 and extension?
Elastic potential energy = 1/2 x Spring constant x extension^2
37
what are the 8 energy stores?
``` chemical kinetic elastic potential gravitational potential thermal nuclear magnetic electrostatic ```
38
examples of chemical energy stores (3)
fuels foods chemicals in batteries
39
when is energy in a chemical energy store released?
during chemical reactions
40
what is a kinetic energy store
the energy an object has because it is moving
41
what is the gravitational potential energy store?
the energy an object has because of its position above the ground
42
what is the elastic potential energy store
the energy stored in a springy object when you stretch or squash it
43
what happens when a system changes?
energy is transferred
44
what changes happen to the energy stores when a ball is dropped?
gravitational potential energy decreases | the kinetic energy increases
45
what is a closed system?
where no energy can enter or leave
46
what energy is transferred when a person throws a ball up?
chemical energy in a person is transferred to kinetic energy in the ball
47
what happen when you apply the brakes in a car
the friction causes the kinetic energy to decrease and be transferred as heat energy to the surroundings
48
what happens when an object is moved by a force?
work is done on that object by the force/ the force transfers energy to the object
49
what does work done equal?
energy transferred
50
why do the brake pads become warm when yoy apply them?
work is being done to overcome friction
51
Why does an object speed up as it falls?
GPE store is converted to kinetic energy
52
Why wouldn’t a bungee jumper return to the original height after a jump?
Some energy has been transferred to the surroundings
53
Why would a pendulum swinging in a vacuum be an example of a closed system?
There is no energy transferred so it could keep on swinging forever
54
What is work done the same as
Energy transferred
55
What happens to work done to overcome friction?
It is transferred to the surroundings
56
What energy transfers happen when an object is lifted up?
The work done on the object is equal to the increase in GPE
57
What does work done to move an object up or down depend on? 2
How far | Weight
58
To calculate difference in GPE along a slope what do you remember to do
Calculate vertical height not distance up slope
59
Why does the GPE of an object increase when you lift it up
Work is being done to overcome gravity
60
Energy lost from GPE store =
Energy gained in kinetic energy store
61
What does the kinetic energy of a moving object depend on
Mass and speed
62
What is elastic potential energy
Energy stores in an elastic object when work is done on the object
63
What is useful energy
Energy that is transferred in the way that is wanted
64
What is wasted energy?
Energy that isn’t usefully transferred
65
What does it mean when energy dissipates
It spreads out and is stores in less useful ways
66
What is the input energy
The energy supplied to a device
67
What are the 4 reasons machines waste energy
Noise Friction Air resistance Electrical resistance
68
How to reduce energy lost by friction
Lubricate moving parts
69
How to reduce energy lost by electrical resistance
Use wires with as little resistance as possible
70
How to reduce energy lost by air resistance
Streamlining
71
How to reduce energy lost by sound
Cut out noise
72
What is the power supplies to a motor
The energy supplied to it per second
73
The more powerful an appliance is....
The faster it transfers energy

Physics⚡️ (16 decks)

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