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Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the building blocks of rocks?

A

minerals

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2
Q

Name the five things that define a mineral.

A
  1. Naturally occurring
  2. Inorganic
  3. Possesses an orderly internal structure of atoms
  4. Have definite chemical composition
  5. Solid
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3
Q

What makes a mineraloid instead of a mineral?

A

lack of an orderly internal structure

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4
Q

What is an aggregate?

A

mixture

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5
Q

What is an aggregate of minerals?

A

rocks

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6
Q

What are the building blocks of minerals?

A

elements

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7
Q

How many elements are known?

A

Over 100

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8
Q

What is an atom?

A

Smallest particles of matter

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9
Q

What are atoms characteristics?

A

All those of elements

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10
Q

How are atoms constructed ?

A

Nucleus containing protons and neutrons

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11
Q

What has positive electrical charges ?

A

Proton

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12
Q

What has neutral electrical charges ?

A

Neutrons

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13
Q

What surrounds the nucleus?

A

Energy levels or shells

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14
Q

What do energy levels or shells contain?

A

Electrons

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15
Q

What are negative electrical charges ?

A

Electrons

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16
Q

What is the atomic number ?

A

The number of protons in an atoms nucleus

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17
Q

What determines the name of the element ?

A

Atomic number / protons in nucleus

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18
Q

What are ions?

A

Atoms that gain or lose electrons

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19
Q

How are compounds formed?

A

Bonding of atoms

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20
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Same # of protons

Different # of neutrons

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21
Q

Do isotopes have different mass numbers?

A

Yes

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22
Q

Define a mass number ?

A

Sum of the neutrons plus protons

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23
Q

Many _______ are _________ and emit energy and particles

A

Isotopes

Radioactive

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24
Q

What is radioactive decay?

A

When isotopes are unstable and disintegrate naturally

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25
What are the properties of minerals ? (8)
1. Crystal form 2. Luster 3. Color 4. Streak 5. Hardness 6. Cleavage 7. Fracture 8. Specific gravity
26
What do you use to find the hardness of a mineral?
Mohs hardness scale
27
step process of finding hardness of a mineral
1. Scratch will nail - scratched mineral=<2.5 2. Scratch glass - glass scratched >5.5 - glass not scratched 2.5
28
What a mineral shape looks like when crystal is formed.
Crystal form
29
The way light reflects off the mineral
Luster
30
What are the two types of luster we use
Metallic | Nonmetallic
31
What is the least reliable property
Color
32
Color of powdered form of the mineral
Streak
33
Whats used to look at a minerals powdered form
Streak plate
34
What is the minerals resistance to being scratched ?
Hardness
35
What is the number of flat surfaces a mineral breaks into ?
Cleavage
36
Two minerals may be the same size, but their weight may be very different. They have _______
Different specific gravitéis
37
What determines how heavy it is by its relative weight to water.
Specific gravity
38
Name some other properties of minerals...(8)
``` Taste Smell Elasticity Malleability Feel Magnetism Double refraction Reaction to hydrochloric acid ```
39
Easily bent without breaking and then staying bent
Elasticity
40
Easily hammered into thin sheets
Malleability
41
Property useful in minerals found as flakes
Elasticity
42
Property describing a mineral as greasy or soapy
Feel
43
Magnetic properties
Magnetism
44
Light is split into two days
Double refraction
45
A mineral breaks along a cleavage and is commonly curved
Fracture
46
What are the eight minerals that compose rock forming minerals ?
``` Oxygen Silicon Aluminum Iron Calcium Sodium Potassium Magnesium ```
47
What ar the most abundant atoms in earths crust? Percents by weight?
Oxygen 46.6% | Silicon 27.7%
48
What is the most common mineral group?
Silicates
49
What is the fundamental building block of silicates?
Silicon-oxygen tetrahedron
50
Describe the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron shape?
4 oxygens atoms surrounding 1 much smaller silicon atom
51
What are the four groups of tetrahedron arrangements?
Olivine Pyroxene group Amphibole group Micas
52
Tetrahedrons are arranged in sheets?
Micas
53
Tetrahedrons are arranged in double chains?
Amphibole group
54
Tetrahedrons are arranged in chains?
Pyroxene group
55
Tetrahedrons is a Independent tetrahedron?
Olivine
56
What arrangement of tetrahedron has two types?
Micas
57
What are the two types of micas?
Biotite | Muscovite
58
Describe Biotite.
Dark
59
Describe Muscovite.
Light
60
What does the structure and chemical composition of the silicates tell us about the mineral ?
Conditions under which it was formed
61
What are three dimensional network of tetrahedron?
Feldspars
62
What are the two types of feldspars?
Orthoclase | Plagioclase
63
What color is Orthoclase feldspar?
Red to orange
64
What color is Plagioclase feldspar?
White to black
65
Three fomento al network of tetrahedron?
Quartz
66
What is the most plentiful mineral group?
Feldspars
67
How are feldspars/ quarts crystallized?
Crystallized from molten material
68
What are the major groups of the nonsilicate minerals? (6)
``` Oxides Sulfides Sulfates Halides Carbonated “Native” elements ```
69
Out of the nonsilicates, what is a major rock forming group?
Carbonates
70
Where are carbonated found?
Rocks Limestone Marble
71
Where two minerals are found in sedimentary rocks?
Halite | Gypsum
72
What are reserves?
Already identified deposits?
73
What are useful metallic minerals that can be mined at a profit ?
Ores
74
What may change and influence a resource ?
Economic factors

College Geology (14 decks)

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