Chapter 1 Flashcards
(78 cards)
The body’s ability to maintain a stable and constant internal condition.
Homeostasis
Sum of reactions that take place to build up and break down the body.
Metabolism
Large and complex molecule consisting of amino acids (which contain nitrogen) that are essential for living cells.
Protein
Disease-causing agent; usually bacteria, virus, or fungi.
Pathogen
Substance that helps catalyze chemical reactions
Enzyme
what is the structural levels of organization in the body?
Organism organ systems organs tissues cells organelle chemical
Your skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and other external structures. This system protects the body from external damage.
Integumentary system
Your bones, tendons, ligaments, and other structures. This system supports the body by providing a rigid structure capable of resistance and movement.
Skeletal system
Your skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles, and smooth muscles. These muscles are part of your arteries and veins, bladder, gastrointestinal tract, resp tract, and more. They produce movement, whether to move you across the room, to move your blood through blood vessels, or to move food through your intestines.
Muscular system
Your brain as well as your nervous tissues. This system is responsible for electrochemical cellular communication and sends signals that trigger thought, movement, voluntary and involuntary activity.
Nervous system
Your hormonal organs and glands, including the hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, adrenal gland, testes, ovaries, and more. This system is responsible for chemical cellular communication within the body.
Endocrine system
Your heart, blood, and blood vessels. This system transports hormones, enzymes, nutrients, and other chemicals throughout the body.
Circulatory system
Your thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and other similar organs. This system protects against pathogens, tumor cells, and other foreign invaders.
Immune system
Your nasal cavity, trachea, lungs, and other airways and gas exchange organs. This system excretes carbon dioxide and brings in oxygen.
Respiratory system
Your oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and the organs associated with digestion including the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, etc. This system breaks down and absorbs nutrients from food and drink.
Digestive system
Your kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, and related organs and glands. This system produces, stores, and eliminates urine.
Urinary system
Your sex organs and glands. This system is responsible for human reproduction.
Reproductive system
Tissue composed of cellular layers that protect outer surfaces of the human body such as skin, mucosa, and intestinal lining.
Epithelial tissue
Supportive tissue, such as ligaments, tendons, and fascia, formed from a fibrous matrix.
Connective tissue
Tissue consisting of bundles of cells that contract when stimulated.
Muscle tissue
Tissue capable of conducting impulses that help to connect and communicate signals to other parts of the body.
Nervous tissue
Component of the cell that is responsible for a specific task.
Organelle
Fluid medium inside of the cell, but outside of the nucleus, that surrounds organelles.
Cytoplasm
Nutrient the body requires in large amounts (ie, protein, fat, and carbs).
Macronutrient
