Chapter 1 Developmental Defects Flashcards by Taylor Tate

When does upper lip formation begin?

4-6 weeks

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What is this?

Cleft Lip

Failure of fusion between the medial nasal processes and the maxillary process

80% are unilateral

Rule of 10 (10wks, 10lbs., 10gm%HM)

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What is this?

Cleft Palate

Failure of fusion between the palatal shelves

Bifid uvula is the minimal presentation of cleft palate

45% of cases are CL+CP

30% are CP only

25% are CL only

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What is more common for syndromic clefting, CP+CL, CPO, CLO?

CPO is the most common for sydromic clefting

With that being said nonsydromic clefting is more common than sydromic clefting and it is more common to have CL+CP in nonsyndromic clefting

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What is this?

Pierre Robin Sequence

1) Micrognathia
2) Glossoptosis (downward displacement of the tongue)
3) CP

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What is this?

Lateral Facial Cleft

Failure of fusion between the maxillary and mandibular processes

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What is this?

Oblique facial cleft

Failure of fusion between the lateral nasal process with the maxillary process

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Oral facial clefts are most common in what two groups?

Native American 1 in 250

Asian 1 in 300

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What type of clefting is common for each gender?

CL+CP for males

CPO for females

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What is this?

Submucosal cleft palate

The palatal shelves didn’t fuse but were close enough together that the soft tissue fused

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What is this?

Commissural lip pits

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What is this?

Paramedian lip pits

Usually bilateral

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What makes up Van der Woude sydrome?

Van der Woude syndrome

1) Paramedian lip pits
2) CL+CP (most common form of sydnromic clefting)
3) AD

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What is this?

Double Lip

Congenital or acquired

Upper lip > Lower lip

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What makes up Ascher syndrome?

1) Double Lip
2) Blepharochalasis
3) Non toxic thyroid enlargement

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What is this?

Fordyce Granules

“ectopic” sebaceous gland

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What is this?

It goes away when streched

Leukoedema

90% of African adults and 50% of kids have them

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What can cause macroglossia?

Vascular Malformations

Muscular hypertrophy

Others:

lymphangioma

Down Syndrome

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Macroglossia is a common characteristic of what syndrome?

Beckwith-Wiedmann syndrome

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What is this?

Ankyloglossia

What is this

Lingual Thyroid

Located at the junction of the anterior 2/3s and posterior 1/3 in the midline of the tongue

1/3 of patients have hypothyroidism

Diagnosed with thyroid scan using iodine or technetium-99, CT or MRI

What is this?

Fissured tongue (scrotal tongue)

Patients will often have halitosis and buring sensation on their tongue

Strongly associated with geographic tongue

What is this?

Geographic tongue

a.k.a. bengin migratory glossitis or erythema migrans (when not on the tongue)

What is this?

Hairy tongue

Heavy smokers

Marked accumulation of keratin on the filiform papilla

What is this?

Sublingual Varicosities Superficial dilated viens Can become thrombosed or calcify and become a phlebolith

What is a caliber persistent artery?

A large superficial artery

Patient opens his mouth and the mandible deviates the the ipsilateral side, what might this be?

Coronoid hyperplasia

Patient opens his mouth and the mandible deviates to the contralateral side, what might this be?

Condylar hyperplasia

What is this?

Torus palatinus ## Footnote Flat – broad base with smooth surface Spindle – midline ridge or median groove Nodular – multiple protuberances, each with an individual base Lobular – multiple protuberances, arise from a single base Sessile or pedunculated

What is this?

Torus mandibularis

What is this?

Buccal exostosis More common on the maxilla

What is this?

Palatal exostosis

What is this?

Stafne Defect Unilocular radiolucency in the angle of the mandible Well defined radiolucency below the mandibular canal in the posterior mandible

What is this?

Eagles sydrome Calcificaiton of styloid ligament Symptoms Vague facial pain while swallowing, turning the head, or opening the mouth Dysphagia, dysphonia, headache, dizziness

Define a cyst?

A pathologic cavity lined by epithelium Once cysts develop in the oral & maxillofacial region, they slowly increase in size due to elevated hydrostatic luminal pressure

What is this?

Epstein Pearls

What is this?

Nasolabial Cyst

What is this?

Globulomaxillary radiolucency Radicular cyst (most common) Periapical granuloma (second most common)

What is this?

Nasopalatine duct cyst Most common non-odontogenic cyst of the oral cavity 6mm diameter is upper limit of normal size for incisive foramen

What is this?

Epidermoid cyst Arise after localized inflammation of the hair folicle

What is this?

Pilar Cyst

What is this?

Dermoid cyst Benign, cystic form of teratoma

What could this be?

Thyroglossal duct cyst Epithelial remnants of the thyroglossal tract

What is this?

Lymphoepithelial cyst Waldeyer’s ring (palatine tonsils, lingual tonsils, pharyngeal adenoids) Presents as a white or yellow, asymptomatic, submucosal mass less than 1 cm in diameter

What is this?

Branchial cleft cyst Occurs in upper lateral neck along anterior border of SCM as a soft, fluctuant mass in pts ages 20-40 2/3 occur on L neck

What is this?

Hemihyperplasia Associated syndromes: Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, neurofibromatosis, proteus syndrome

What is this?

Progressive Hemifacial Atrophy

What is this?

Apert sydrome Wide set eyes Downward slant Syndactyly

What is this?

Treacher Collins sydrome Mandibulofacial Dysostosis Hyperplastic zygoma Coloboma Underdeveloped mandible