Chapter 1-intro Flashcards
(24 cards)
Physiology
Study of function
Anatomy - microscopic
Structures that can be seen without magnification
Major levels of organization in living organisms
Organism Organ system Organ Tissue Cellular Chemical
Gross anatomy
Considers relatively large structures and features visible to the unaided eye
Surface anatomy
The study of general form and superficial anatomical markings
Developmental anatomy
Examines the changes in form that occur during the period between conception and physical maturity
Comparative anatomy
Considers the anatomical organization of different types of animals
Uses the technique of gross, microscopic, and developmental anatomy
Clinical anatomy
Focuses on anatomical features that may undergo recognizable pathological changes during illnesses
Surgical anatomy
Studies anatomical landmarks important for surgical procedures
Radiographic anatomy
Involves the study of anatomical structures as they are visualized by x-rays, ultrasound scans, etc.
Integumentary system
Protects against environmental hazards, helps control body temperature
Hair, skin, nails
Skeletal system
Provides support, protects tissues, stores minerals, forms blood cells
Bones, cartilages, joints, bone marrow
Muscular system
Allows for locomotion, provides support, produces heat
Skeletal muscles, tendons, aponeuroses
Nervous system
Directs immediate responses to stimuli, usually by coordinating the activities of other organ systems
CNS, PNS
Endocrine system
Directs long term changes in activities of other organ systems
Pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus, parathyroid gland, kidneys, gonads
Cardiovascular system
Transports cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes, and gases
Heart, blood vessels, blood
Lymphoid system
Defends against infection and disease, returns tissue fluid to the bloodstream
Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus
Respiratory system
Delivers air to sites where gas exchange can occur between the air and circulating blood, produces sound
Pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses
Digestive system
Processes food and absorbs nutrients
Mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, SI , LI, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
Urinary system
Eliminates excess water, salts, and waste products
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Male reproductive system
Produces sex cells and hormones
Testes, accessory organs, external genitalia
Female reproductive system
Produces sex cells and hormones, supports embryonic development from fertilization to birth
Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, external genitalia, mammary glands
Thoracic cavity
Surrounded by chest wall and diaphragm
Abdominopelvic cavity
Contains the peritoneal cavity
Abdominal - contains many digestive glands and organs
Pelvic - contains urinary bladder, repro organs, last portion of digestive tract
