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S4: Radiographic Pathology > Chapter 1 Key Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Abscess

A

localized collection of pus and necrotic tissue

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2
Q

Altered tissue growth (or growth disturbance)

A

it is a departure from normal tissue growth caused by multiplication of cells

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3
Q

Anoxia

A

absence or almost complete absence of oxygen

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4
Q

Atrophy

A

a wasting away of tissue, organs, or the entire body

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5
Q

Benign neoplasm

A

noncancerous tumor

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6
Q

Congenital

A

existing at birth

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7
Q

Congestion

A

increase blood supply at the site of injury caused by vasodilation

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8
Q

Degeneration

A

deterioration

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9
Q

Diagnosis

A

the determination of the nature of a disease

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10
Q

Differentiation

A

the possession of one or more characteristics or functions different from that of the original type of tissue

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11
Q

Disease

A

any abnormal change of the function or structure within the body

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12
Q

Embolus

A

a mass occluding a vessel usually thought of as a blood clot

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13
Q

Endogenous

A

infection caused by an agent already present in the body

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14
Q

Etiology

A

the science and study of the causes of disease

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15
Q

Exogenous

A

originating or produced outside the organism

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16
Q

Exudate

A

thick cloudy fluid full of live and dead protein

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17
Q

Frequency

A

rate of occurrence of a pathologic process

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18
Q

Functional disease

A

disease that alters function of the organ

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19
Q

Grading

A

classification of the degree of malignancy

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20
Q

Growth disturbance (or altered growth disturbance)

A

it is a departure from normal tissue growth caused by multiplication of cells

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21
Q

Hereditary

A

transmitted by parent to offspring through germ cells

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22
Q

Hyperplasia

A

exaggerated response to stimuli causing an increase in number of cells

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23
Q

Hypertrophy

A

increase in the size of an organ

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24
Q

Hypoxia

A

decrease of oxygen to below normal levels

25
Q

Iatrogenic

A

unfavorable response that is induced by the treatment for another process

26
Q

Idiopathic

A

of unknown cause

27
Q

Incidence

A

number of persons falling ill with a specific disease in a given time frame

28
Q

Infarct

A

an area of necrotic tissue

29
Q

Infections

A

invasion of the body with organisms that have potential to cause disease

30
Q

Inflammation

A

response of tissue to injury or destruction

31
Q

Invasion

A

a method of metastasis to occur; direct extension of neoplastic cells into surrounding tissue

32
Q

Ischemia

A

deficiency of oxygen and blood in the muscle

33
Q

Lesions

A

pathologic change in tissue

34
Q

Malignant neoplasm

A

cancerous tumor

35
Q

Manifestations

A

observed changes of the patient due to disease

36
Q

Metaplasia

A

transformation of a differentiated tissue into an abnormal tissue

37
Q

Metastasis

A

spread of diseased cells from one location to another

38
Q

Morbidity rate

A

proportion of people in a population with a given disease in a given time frame

39
Q

Mortality rate

A

estimate of number of population that will die from a disease during a specific period of time

40
Q

Necrosis

A

death of cells in an injured area

41
Q

Neoplasia

A

abnormal tissue growth by cellular proliferation more rapidly than normal

42
Q

Nosocomial

A

new process associated with being treated in a hospital

43
Q

Pathogenesis

A

sequence of events that renders the disease apparent

44
Q

Pathology

A

science concerned with all aspects of disease

45
Q

Phagocytosis

A

engulfing microbiological organisms by phagocytes in order to neutralize and destroy injurious agents

46
Q

Prevalence

A

refers to the number of people who have a given pathologic process

47
Q

Procedures

A

an act or treatment conducted to make a diagnosis

48
Q

Prognosis

A

a forecast of the probable course or outcome of a disease

49
Q

Purulent

A

containing pus

50
Q

Signs

A

abnormality indicative of disease that is discovered by the patient

51
Q

Staging

A

description of the extent of involvement of a disease process

52
Q

Structural disease

A

physical and biochemical changes within the cell that alter the organ

53
Q

Sublethal cell injury

A

injury to a cell that does not cause it to die

54
Q

Suppurative inflammation

A

an inflammation that exudes pus

55
Q

Symptoms

A

departure from the normal as experienced by the patient

56
Q

Tests

A

method to determine the presence or absence of a disease in fluid, tissue, or excretions of the body

57
Q

Thrombus

A

a clot in the cardiovascular system

58
Q

Transudate

A

fluid that has passed through a normal membrane as a result of an imbalance of osmotic pressure

59
Q

Trauma

A

refers to a physical injury, but can be a mental injury

S4: Radiographic Pathology (34 decks)

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