Chapter 1 - Particles and Nuclides - [Complete}

Question 1

Which proposal for the structure of the atom did JJ Thomson put forward?

Answer 1

The plum pudding model

Question 2

What year did Rutherford put forward his theory for the structure of an atom?

Answer 2

1911

Question 3

What is the analogy often used to describe the difference in sizes between nuclear and atomic radii?

Answer 3

If the atom had a radius the size of wembley stadium, the nucleus would be a small pea on the centre spot

Question 4

What is the equation for the specific charge of a particle?

Answer 4

Specific charge = Charge of the particle/Mass of the particle

Question 5

What do x-rays, alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays do in a cloud chamber?

Answer 5

Alpha particles leave broad straight lines, x-rays wide cloudy tracks, beta thin or slightly curved tracks, and gamma no trace at all

Question 6

What happens in pair production?

Answer 6

Pair production is when a photon has enough energy to interact with a nucleus and form a particle - anti-particle pairing. To do this, the proton must have enough energy to create both of the particles

Question 7

What happens in annihilation?

Answer 7

A particle - anti-particle pair meet and convert each other into gamma ray photons which are equal to the energies of the pair before they annihilated

Question 8

What is the equation lambda = hc/E calculate?

Answer 8

The wavelength required of a photon in order to be able to interact with a nucleus and cause pair production. The E is determined by 2 x the rest mass of one of the particles of the pair being created

Question 9

What is the equation to calculate the wavelength of a photon so that it has enough energy to carry out pair production?

Answer 9

lamda = hc/E

Question 10

What is specific charge?

Answer 10

The charge per unit mass of a particle or set of particles e.g. a nucleus

Question 11

What is the unit of specific charge?

Answer 11

C/kg - Coulombs per kilogram