Chapter 1 - Tree Biology

Question 1

Sites of rapid cell division in the shoot tips, root tips, and cambium are called _______.

Answer 1

meristems

Question 2

Meristems located at the end of roots and shoots are called primary, or __________, meristems.

Answer 2

apical/terminal

Question 3

The tendency for terminal buds to inhibit the growth of lateral buds is called __________.

Answer 3

apical dominance

Question 4

The ‘food factories’ of trees are ________.

Answer 4

leaves

Question 5

The process of _________ combines carbon dioxide and water in a reaction driven by light to produce sugars. ________ is also a product of this reaction.

Answer 5

photosynthesis, oxygen

Question 6

The green color of leaves is created by the presence of the pigment ________, which is necessary for photosynthesis to take place.

Answer 6

chlorophyll

Question 7

_________ is the loss of water vapor from the leaves.

Answer 7

Transpiration

Question 8

The opening and closing of ___________ on the undersides of leaves allow for gas exchange.

Answer 8

stomata

Question 9

Water and dissolved essential minerals are transported within the tree in the ________. The __________ conducts carbohydrates.

Answer 9

xylem, phloem

Question 10

The ________ is a layer of meristematic cells located between the phloem and xylem.

Answer 10

cambium

Question 11

The __________ ___________ is formed when trunk tissue grows around branch tissues.

Answer 11

branch union (or branch collar)

Question 12

As the branch and trunk tissues expand against each other in the branch union, the ________ _______ _________ is formed.

Answer 12

branch bark ridge

Question 13

_______ protects the branches and trunk of a tree from mechanical injury and dessication.

Answer 13

Bark

Question 14

Name the 4 functions of the root system

Answer 14

(1) Anchorage
(2) Storage
(3) Absorption
(4) Conduction (transport)

Question 15

The sugar products of photosynthesis are sometimes referred to as ___________.

Answer 15

photosynthates

Question 16

The orientation of growth in response to an external stimulus is called _________.

Answer 16

tropism

Question 17

Orientation of growth in response to light

Answer 17

phototropism

Question 18

Orientation of growth in response to gravity

Answer 18

geotropism

Question 19

CODIT stands for

Answer 19

Compartmentalization of Damage in Trees

Question 20

4 walls of CODIT

Answer 20

(1) plugging of longitudinal Xylem cells
(2) development of dense latewood cells and depositing of special chemicals within these cells
(3) activation of ray cells to resist decay
(4) growth of new wood tissue to prevent further spread

Question 21

What are the first 3 walls of CODIT referred to as?

Answer 21

The reaction zone

Question 22

What is the 4th wall of CODIT called?

Answer 22

the barrier zone

Question 23

Trees with upright growth and a strong central leader exhibit which growth?

Answer 23

Excurrent

Question 24

Trees with a rounded crown and are broader than they are tall have this growth.

Answer 24

Decurrent

Question 25

Roots and fungi form __________, which are a symbiotic relationship, aiding in water and mineral uptake

Answer 25

mycorrhizae

Question 26

The process by which chemical energy, stored as sugar and starch, is released is called ___________.

Answer 26

respiration

Question 27

Trees that lose their leaves in the autumn are called __________.

Answer 27

deciduous

Question 28

Trees that maintain their leaves year round are called _________.

Answer 28

evergreen

Question 29

When cutting through a tree with a chain saw or drilling into a tree, you would pass through which structures (in order)?

Answer 29

bark, phloem, cambium, xylem

Question 30

If the terminal bus is removed in pruning,

Answer 30

growth may be stimulated in lateral buds

Question 31

The growth rings of many trees

Answer 31

are visible because of anatomical differences between earlywood and latewood

Question 32

Which layer of cells is responsible for outward trunk growth and increased girth of a tree?

Answer 32

cambium

Question 33

Mycorrhizae are:

Answer 33

a symbiotic relationship between fungi and roots