Chapter 10

Question 1

Analgesia

Answer 1

Pain relief produced without a loss of consciousness.

Question 2

Heroin

Answer 2

A drug produced by chemically processing morphine. It is more potent than morphine and has become the major opiate drug of harmful use.

Question 3

Naloxone

Answer 3

A short-acting opiate antagonist.

Question 4

Opium

Answer 4

The dried sap produced by the poppy plant.

Question 5

Discuss factors contributing to the current opioid epidemic

Answer 5

Morphine development, heroin development, prescription opiates

Question 6

Evaluate the impact of the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act on opiate use in the US

Answer 6

used mainly in large cities where there was a supply, Heroin emerged as drug of choice, dependents tended to get younger, less educated men of lower socioeconomic status

Question 7

Opiates absorption

Answer 7

variety of methods, most readily absorbed from the GI tracts, greater effect intravenously, most nasal mucosa and lungs, smoked, intranasally, subcutaneously

Question 8

Opiates distribution

Answer 8

bloodstream - accumulate in kidneys, lungs, liver, spleen, and digestive tract, muscles, and brain,

Question 9

Opiates metabolized and excreted

Answer 9

metabolized in liver and excreted by kidneys

Question 10

Compare the mechanism of action of endogenous endorphins with opiates

Answer 10

Opiate drugs act in the brain by binding to endogenous endorphin receptors; endorphins are natural
neurotransmitters that are involved in the regulation of pain.

Question 11

Describe how drug naloxone is used to treat an opiate overdose

Answer 11

antagonist: naloxone also binds to the opiate receptor site, but once there, naloxone does not produce euphoria, pain relief, or other effects
completely reverses the effects of those drugs.

Question 12

Adv and Disadv of therapeutic use of opiates

Answer 12

opiate analgesics relieve pain without causing unconsciousness
potency and their duration of action
treating diarrhea
dependence and overdose risk

Question 13

Acute effects of opiates incl psych and physio

Answer 13

lower body temp, lower BP, pupil constriction, drying secretions, constipation, lower sex drive, impotence, respiratory depression, analgesia, eurphoria

Question 14

Chronic effects incl. psych + physio

Answer 14

Increased body temp, increased BP, pupil dilation, tearing, running nose, diarrhea, spontaneous orgasm, yawning, pain, depression/anxiety

Question 15

Describe the symptoms associated with physical dependence and withdrawl from opiates

Answer 15

Regular use of opiates results in tolerance and
an abstinence syndrome characterized by flu-like
symptoms and intense drug craving. Heroin dependence is more complex than simple avoidance of
withdrawal symptoms