Chapter 10

Question 1

Blanket primary

Answer 1

Primary election where each voter may vote for candidates from both parties

Question 2

Closed primary

Answer 2

Voting is limited to already registered party members

Question 3

Coattails

Answer 3

Tendency of candidates at top of ticket to win more votes because of the presence at the top of the ticket of a better-known candidate, such as the president

Question 4

General election

Answer 4

Election held to determine which candidate will hold office

Question 5

Gerrymandering

Answer 5

Drawing the boundaries of legislative districts in bizarre or unusual shapes to favor one party

Question 6

Incumbent

Answer 6

Person already holding office

Question 7

Independent expenditures

Answer 7

Spending by political action committees, corporations, or labor unions that is done to help a party or candidate but is done independently of them

Question 8

Malapportionment

Answer 8

Drawing the boundaries of legislative districts so that they are unequal in population

Question 9

Open primary

Answer 9

Voters may choose which party to vote for/as when they enter the polling place

Question 10

Political action committee (PAC)

Answer 10

Committee that spends donations given to campaigns

Question 11

Position issue

Answer 11

Issue about which the public is divided and rival candidates take different stance/positions on the issue

Question 12

Primary election

Answer 12

Election held to choose candidates for office

Question 13

Prospective voting

Answer 13

Voting for a candidate you favor his or her ideas for handling issues

Question 14

Retrospective voting

Answer 14

Voting for a candidate because you like his or her past actions in office

Question 15

Runoff primary

Answer 15

Second election when no candidate wins majority of the votes in the first primary

Question 16

Soft money

Answer 16

Funds obtained by political parties that are spent on party activities, such as get-out-the-vote drives, but not on behalf of a specific candidate

Question 17

Sophomore surge

Answer 17

An increase in the votes congressional candidates usually get when they first run for re-election

Question 18

Valence issue

Answer 18

Public is united and rival candidates take similar stances because that is the commonly held belief

Question 19

527 organizations

Answer 19

Organizations that raise and spend money to advance political causes