Chapter 10

Question 1

What are specialized to react to physical and chemical changes in their surroundings

Answer 1

Neurons

Question 2

What Small cellular process on neurons receive the input?

Answer 2

Dendrites

Question 3

What long process on neurons carries information away from the cell in the form of bioelctrical signals

Answer 3

Axon

Question 4

What are the biolelectrical signals called that allow a neuron to communicate with other neurons and cells

Answer 4

Impulses

Question 5

In the PNS bundles of axons are called what

Answer 5

Nerves

Question 6

In the CNS bundles of axons are called what

Answer 6

Tracts

Question 7

What functions do neuroglia have

Answer 7

Nourishing neurons and sending and receiving chemical messages

Question 8

What is the small space between and neuron with which it communicates

Answer 8

Synapse

Question 9

What biological messenger molecules convey neural information

Answer 9

Neurotransmitters

Question 10

What does the CNS consist of

Answer 10

Brain and spinal cord

Question 11

What does the PNS consist of

Answer 11

Cranial and spinal nerves

Question 12

True or false the peripheral nervous system connects the CNS to other body parts

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What are the three functions of the nervous system

Answer 13

Sensory, integrative, motor

Question 14

What structures are at the ends of neurons in the PNS that provide sensory function of the nervous system

Answer 14

Sensory receptors

Question 15

What do sensory receptors monitor?

Answer 15

Light and sound intensities, temperatures, oxygen concentrations and other internal body conditions for

Question 16

neurons that conduct impulses from the CNS to what responsive structures?

Answer 16

Effectors

Question 17

What carry out motor functions of the nervous system

Answer 17

Effectors

Question 18

The motor portion of the PNS can be divided into what two groups

Answer 18

Somatic and autonomic

Question 19

What does the somatic nervous system consist of

Answer 19

Communicating voluntary instructions from the CNS to skeletal muscles, causing contraction

Question 20

What does the autonomic system do

Answer 20

Communicates instructions from the CNS that control viscera, such as heart and various glands, therefore causing involuntary subconscious actions

Question 21

What network of fine filaments enters into the axon and support it

Answer 21

Neurofilaments

Question 22

What membraneous packets of chromatophiliac substance are scattered theought the cytoplasm of a neuron

Answer 22

Nissl bodies

Question 23

What structures are highly beached providing receptive surfaces with which process from other neurons communicate

Answer 23

Dendrites

Question 24

True or false: a neuron may have many dendrites but no more than one axon

Answer 24

True

Question 25

In neurons the axon rises from the cell body as a cone shaped thickening called what

Answer 25

Axon hillock

Question 26

What are branches the neuronal axon give off

Answer 26

Collaterals

Question 27

What axons have myelin sheaths

Answer 27

Myelinated

Question 28

What color do myelinated nerve fibers appear

Answer 28

White

Question 29

In the PNS what produce myelin

Answer 29

Schwann cells

Question 30

In the CNS what produces myelin

Answer 30

Oligodendrocytes

Question 31

Most cell bodies within the brain or spinal cord have what type of neuron

Answer 31

Multipolar

Question 32

What are specialized masses of nerve tissue located outside the brain and spinal cord

Answer 32

Ganglia

Question 33

What neurons type is found in the eyes nose and ears

Answer 33

Bipolar

Question 34

What part of the neuron has rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 34

Chromatophiliac substance

Question 35

What part of the neuron is highly branches with multiple processes that have spines

Answer 35

Dendrites

Question 36

True or false: in the PNS Schwann cells aren't wound around the axons but form a groove or valley in which the axon sits

Answer 36

True

Question 37

What neurons conduct impulses from peripheral bodies into the brain or spinal cord

Answer 37

Sensory or afferent

Question 38

What neurons within the brain or spinal cord Relay information from one part of he brain to another

Answer 38

Interneurons (associations or internuncial)

Question 39

What neurons conduct impulses out of the brain or spinal cord to effectors

Answer 39

Motor (efferent

Question 40

What neuralgia in the CNS are star shaped and provide support and hold structures together, form scar tissue, etc

Answer 40

Astrocytes

Question 41

What neuroglia in the CNS myelinate acons in the brain and spinal cord

Answer 41

Oligrodendrocytes

Question 42

What neuroglia of the CNS support neurons and phagocytize bacterial and cellular debris

Answer 42

Microglial

Question 43

What neuroglia of the CNS form the inner lining of the central canal in the spinal cord

Answer 43

Ependyma

Question 44

Ependymal cells form the inside spaces of the brain called what

Answer 44

Ventricles

Question 45

What neuroglia of the PNS provide nutritional support and help regulate the concentrations of ions around neurons cell bodies within ganglias

Answer 45

Satellite cells

Question 46

What happens when the gap of an injured peripheral nerve exceeds 3 millimeters

Answer 46

The axons may not line up and form a neuroma, which is composed is sensory axons and is painfully sensitive to pressure

Question 47

In an adult brain neural stem cells are in a region called what

Answer 47

Dentate gurus near the fluid filled ventricles

Question 48

What is the presynaptic neuron

Answer 48

The neuron carrying an impulse to the synapse

Question 49

What is the neuron receiving the input at the synapse

Answer 49

Postsynaptic neuron

Question 50

What is the process by which the impulse in the presynaptic neurons signals the postsynaptic cleft

Answer 50

Synaptic transmission

Question 51

What ion diffuses into the synaptic knob triggering the release of neurotransmitter

Answer 51

Ca +2