Chapter 10: Intelligence

Question 1

what is intelligence?

Answer 1

the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

Question 2

general intelligence aka g?

Answer 2

according to spearman and others, general intelligence underlies all mental abilities; it is an overall mental ability that is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test

Question 3

fluid intelligence gf?

Answer 3

quick thinking and problem solving in new situations, tends to decrease with age

Question 4

crystalized intelligence gc?

Answer 4

accumulated knowledge and skills gained from experience and learning, tends to increase with age

Question 5

cattel horn carrol theory?

Answer 5

theory that intelligence is based on general intelligence as well as specific skills: gf/gc

Question 6

sternbergs three intelligences?

Answer 6

analytical, creative, and practical intelligence

Question 7

emotional intelligence?

Answer 7

ability to understand and manage ones emotions

Question 8

intelligence test?

Answer 8

assessment measuring an individuals mental aptitude and comparing them with those of others using numerical scores.

Question 9

achievement test?

Answer 9

test that measures what a person has learned

Question 10

aptitude test?

Answer 10

test that predicts a persons future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn

Question 11

mental age?

Answer 11

the level of performance typically associated with children of a certain chronological age. example: someone who is 8 is thought to have a mental age of 8.

Question 12

stanford binet?

Answer 12

widely used intelligence test of binets original test used to measure cognitive abilities.

Question 13

intelligence quotient aka iq?

Answer 13

defined as the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100. example mental age of 10 divided by chronological age of 8 multiplied by 100. compares the individuals performance to others of the same age group

Question 14

standardization?

Answer 14

the process administering tests under uniform conditions to ensure consistency and fairness

Question 15

normal curve?

Answer 15

graphical representation of a distrbution showing most scores clustered around the mean. bell curve

Question 16

reliability?

Answer 16

consistency of test results over time

Question 17

validity?

Answer 17

the extent to which a test measures what it intends to measure

Question 18

predictive validity?

Answer 18

the ability of a test to accurately predict future performance or outcomes

Question 19

cross sectional study?

Answer 19

research that compares people of different ages at the same point in time

Question 20

longitudinal study?

Answer 20

research. that follows and retests the same people over time

Question 21

cohort?

Answer 21

a group of individuals sharing a common characteristic, often used in longitudinal studies

Question 22

heritability?

Answer 22

the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes.

Question 23

growth mindset?

Answer 23

focus on learning and growing constantly

Question 24

stereotype threat?

Answer 24

self confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype: leading to decreased performance.