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Ecology 2227 > Chapter 10 Population Dynamics > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Population Dynamics Flashcards

(110 cards)

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1
Q

What does D represent in the formula used to calculate population size?

A

number of deaths

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2
Q

Which feature is the most important when one studies population dynamics?

A

population distribution

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3
Q

Which of the following is not a benefit provided to human society by an understanding of population ecology?

A

development of a cure for diseases

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4
Q

Which nest predator most likely contributed to the greater aggressiveness of the Africanized honeybees?

A

humans

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5
Q

Which feature has contributed to the rapid expansion of Africanized honeybees through South and North America? (book)

A

high rate of colony formation

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6
Q

What does Nt represent in the formula used to calculate population size?

A

the number of individuals in the population at some time

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7
Q

What features are considered when studying population dynamics?

A

population abundance

population distribution

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8
Q

What benefits are provided to human society by an understanding of population ecology?

A

control of pest species

maintenance of economically important plants

prevention of species extinction

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9
Q

Which feature is associated with the spatial dynamics of populations?

A

the influence of dispersal on distribution

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10
Q

Which regions have the Africanized honeybees been able to successfully colonize due to high rates of colony formation and rapid dispersal? (book)

A

North and South America

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11
Q

Studying patterns of survival and reproduction in populations is associated with which type of population dynamics?

A

temporal

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12
Q

Which type of population densities are most impacted by dispersal?

A

local populations

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13
Q

Which type of populations provide the best information about the dispersal aspects of populations?

A

expanding populations

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14
Q

Which species of bird was not introduced into North America? (book)

A

Turkey vultures

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15
Q

True or false: Both distribution and abundance are influenced by the dispersal of populations.

A

true

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16
Q

Which individuals in a population of Eurasian Collared doves are more likely to disperse? (book)

A

juveniles / young

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17
Q

Which feature is associated with temporal dynamics?

A

patterns of survival

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18
Q

How can dispersal influence the density of a population?

A

It can increase and decrease the population.

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19
Q

What event caused the northward dispersal of many species, including temperate forest trees, 16,000 years ago?

A

retreat of the glaciers

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20
Q

True or false: Expanding populations provide some of the best information about dispersal aspects of populations.

A

true

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21
Q

Which bird is the most recently introduced species in North America? (book)

A

Eurasian collared doves

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22
Q

Why would individuals disperse from a population?

A

Young individuals face stiff competition from the others in the growing population.

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23
Q

Which species dispersed more rapidly over the last 16,000 years? (book)

A

maple

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24
Q

What substances are used to measure the dispersal rate of plants?

A

pollen sediments

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25
Which group of organisms left a well-studied record of their dispersal in response to climate change in lake sediments? (book)
maples
26
According to numerical responses, what type of change should occur in the predator population if the prey density increases?
The predator density would change.
27
What role did the mice and shrews play in the C.S. Holling study on numerical responses?
They were predators.
28
In small mammals, an increase in food results in an ______.
increase in density
29
Which predators were associated with the Korpimäki and Norrdahl vole study?
European kestrel long-eared owls short-eared owls
30
Which statement best describes a numerical response?
Changes in predator population density due to increased prey density.
31
Identify the mechanisms that can produce numerical responses in predators.
increase in prey population predator dispersal
32
Identify the influence that currents can have upon stream ecosystems.
shape of stream organisms amount of oxygen size of stream organisms
33
According to the C.S. Holling study, the numerical responses of the mice and shrews were due to what factor? (book)
an increase in the reproductive rate
34
Which feature in small mammals is largely responsible for an increase in their density?
their reproductive rate
35
Which feature is unique to the microorganisms living in a stream?
Ability to adhere to the surface of substrates.
36
Which statement best describes why researchers felt that it was predator dispersal instead of reproduction that led to the numerical responses in the kestrels and owls? (book)
The peak of the predator and prey populations almost perfectly matched.
37
Identify the abiotic influence that current can have upon a stream ecosystem.
amount of oxygen available
38
What happens to stream organisms during a spate?
They get washed downstream.
39
Which feature enables fish to maintain their position in a stream?
streamlined to swim against the current
40
What is the composition of drift?
fragments of leaves stream insects pieces of algae
41
What is occurring during a spate?
The water level in the stream is rapidly increasing.
42
Along with dispersal, which other variable plays a significant role in the colonization cycle?
reproduction
43
What feature is necessary to call a group of organisms a subpopulation?
spatial separation from other members of their species
44
What feature is necessary to call subpopulations a metapopulation?
exchange of individuals between subpopulations
45
In which direction do the components of drift move?
downstream
46
Which of the following events occurs during the colonization cycle?
Populations of organisms will disperse both upstream and downstream.
47
In what manner do subpopulations maintain an exchange of individuals?
through immigration and emigration
48
What is the main reason that the butterfly P. smintheus forms metapopulations? (book)
The distribution of their host plant forces them into metapopulations.
49
True or false: To be classified as a metapopulation, there must be an exchange of individuals among patches.
true
50
Which features are leading to a decrease in the size of alpine meadows? (book)
fire suppression global warming
51
Which is a reason that butterflies will leave their population?
The population size becomes very small.
52
Why does the butterfly P. smintheus form metapopulatons? (book)
They are tied to a narrow range of host plants.
53
What feature is necessary to call subpopulations a metapopulation?
exchange of individuals between subpopulations
54
What meadow size resulted in greater than 100 butterflies in the population?
approximately a 40 ha meadow
55
As the alpine meadows decrease in size, what variable is increasing?
their isolation from each other
56
Which statement is correct about the butterfly and lesser kestrel population? (book)
The butterfly population is contracting while the kestrel is expanding.
57
Which type of population are butterflies more likely to leave?
a small population
58
What type of information does a life table provide a population biologist?
survivorship & death
59
What was the mean population size of Rocky Mountain Parnassian butterflies in a 1.1 ha meadow? (book)
less than 1 butterfly
60
Which feature is found in both the butterfly and kestrel population?
They are both spatially organized into metapopulations.
61
Which of the following is an example of a cohort?
624 sunfish born this spring
62
Which information is used to determine a static life table?
The age of death of a large number of individuals.
63
Which pieces of information do life tables provide?
survivorship in the population deaths in the population
64
What information can be gained from the age distribution of a population?
the number of individuals in each age group the patterns of survival
65
Survivorship curves are plotted as the number of survivors per how many births?
1,000
66
Which of the following describes a cohort?
A large group of individuals born at the same time.
67
Which age group, typically, has the lowest mortality among large mammals?
the youngest
68
What information is gained from a static life table?
patterns of survival in the wild
69
The age distribution of a population can be used to determine the patterns of ______.
survival
70
Which age group, typically, has the lowest mortality among birds?
they are all equal
71
Which of the following pieces of information can be gained from a survivorship curve?
pattern of life and death within a population
72
Which statement best describes the pattern of mortality among large mammals?
high mortality among the older individuals
73
Which information is used to determine a static life table?
The age of death of a large number of individuals.
74
Which statement correctly describes the mortality rates of birds?
All age groups die at an equal frequency.
75
Which age group, typically, has the greatest rate of mortality among various marine fish?
The young age group has the greatest rate of mortality.
76
The age distribution of a population can be used to determine the patterns of ______.
survival
77
What predictions can ecologists make from the information gained from the age distribution of a population?
the future growth or decline of the population
78
Which statement correctly describes the mortality rate of various marine fish?
The young have an extremely high rate of mortality.
79
Which statement best describes the pattern of mortality among large mammals?
high mortality among the older individuals
80
Which information is used to determine a static life table?
The age of death of a large number of individuals.
81
What type of growth potential could be expected from a population that has the majority of individuals in the youngest age class?
The population level is growing.
82
Which of the following is not obtained from the information offered by the age distribution of a population?
the type of predators that are causing a decline in the population
83
What information is gained from a static life table?
patterns of survival in the wild
84
Which variable was influential in increasing the population size of the cactus finch population on Genovesa Island? (book)
Wet weather
85
What can be inferred from a population in which large numbers of individuals are concentrated in the youngest age class but die off rapidly
The population has a Type III survivorship curve.
86
What predictions can ecologists make from the information gained from the age distribution of a population?
the future growth or decline of the population
87
Which of the following best defines the term birthrate?
Number of young born per female in a period of time.
88
Which statement correctly describes the mortality rate of various marine fish?
The young have an extremely high rate of mortality.
89
Which statement about the white oak population is the most accurate?
This population is dominated by young trees and should persist for some time.
90
Which statement describes why the cactus finch population of Genovesa Island was able to increase? (book)
Wet weather resulted in increased food production for the finches.
91
When tabulating a fecundity schedule, which parental demographic is studied?
the adult females
92
What type of growth potential could be expected from a population that has the majority of individuals in the youngest age class?
The population level is growing.
93
True or false: Birthrate is measured as the number of young born per female in a given period of time.
true
94
Identify the pieces of information that are used to calculate the net reproductive rate for an annual plant species.
survivorship curve seed production
95
How is a fecundity schedule tabulated?
The tabulation of the birth rates for all the females in a population.
96
Which of the following best defines the term birthrate?
Number of young born per female in a period of time.
97
Which statement correctly describes the mortality rate of various marine fish?
The young have an extremely high rate of mortality.
98
What information is gained from the geometric rate of increase?
The rate at which a population is growing.
99
Which piece of information is needed when calculating the net reproductive rate?
survivorship curve
100
When tabulating a fecundity schedule, which parental demographic is studied?
the adult females
101
What is the clutch size of a female turtle if she nests an average of 1.2 times a year and lays an average of 3.8 eggs per year? (book)
3.17 eggs
102
What is the generation time of the mud turtles in Ellenton Bay? (book)
10.6 years
103
True or false: Birthrate is measured as the number of young born per female in a given period of time.
true
104
What value should you have for r when calculating per capita rate of increase if the population is growing?
The value of r should be positive.
105
Turtles average 1.2 nests per year and lay an average of 3.17 eggs. What is the average number of eggs produced by nesting females per year?
3.8 eggs
106
Large numbers of vertebrate and invertebrate species are extending their ranges upslope ______.
because of global warming
107
What information is gained by knowing the generation time of a population?
the average age of reproduction
108
What does a negative value for r indicate when calculating per capita rate of increase?
The population is declining.
109
Global warming is causing species to extend their range ______.
upslope
110
What information is gained by knowing the generation time of a population?
the average age of reproduction

Ecology 2227 (22 decks)

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