Chapter 10 Study Guide

Question 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer of

Answer 1

Nucleotides

Question 2

The 4 DNA nucleotides are

Answer 2

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine

Question 3

One strand runs 5’ ➡️ 3’

The opposite strands runs 3’ ➡️ 5’

Answer 3

Antiparallel

Question 4

Are discrete units of DNA that may contains thousands of individual genes

Answer 4

Chromosomes

Question 5

DNA strands are complementary

Answer 5

Thymine pairs with adenine T-A

Guanine pairs with cytosine G- C

Question 6

Although most DNA is contained within a cells chromosomes, many cells have additional molecules of DNA outside the chromosomes, called the

Answer 6

Extrachromosomal DNA

Ex. HPV

Question 7

An organisms set of genes for a particular trait is its

Answer 7

Genotype

Question 8

The entire set of DNA contained within a cell is called the

Answer 8

Genome

Question 9

In eukaryotic cells DNA is wrapped around

In prokaryotic cells DNA is wrapped around

Answer 9

Histones

Histone like proteins

Question 10

A series of bases/nucleotides on a chromosome that codes for the order of amino acids in a specific protein

Answer 10

Gene

Question 11

Gene sequence of protein to be made

Answer 11

mRNA

Question 12

An organisms observable traits are its

Answer 12

Phenotype

Question 13

Pyrimdines have a ?

Purines have a ?

Answer 13

Single ring

Double ring

Question 14

Ribonucleotides make up RNA

Answer 14

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Uracil

Question 15

With protein, makes up the ribosome

Answer 15

rRNA

Question 16

Refers to the process by which DNA is twisted to fit inside the cell

Answer 16

Super coiling

Question 17

Proteins known to be involved in super coiling include __________, these enzymes help maintain structure of super coiled chromosomes, preventing overwinding of DNA during cellular processes like DNA replication

Answer 17

Topoismerase

Question 18

Transfers amino acids to the ribosome during translation

Answer 18

tRNA

Question 19

3 major parts of a dna nucleotide

Answer 19

Phosphate group
Deoxyribose sugar
Nitrogenous base

Question 20

Which part of the dna nucleotide are always the same ?

Answer 20

Phosphate group and deoxyribose sugar

Question 21

Which nucleotides are purines and pyrimidines ?

Answer 21

Purines : adenine and guanine

Pyrimidines : cytosines and thymine

Question 22

When forming a strand of DNA, which two parts of a nucleotide are involved in forming a bond ?

Answer 22

Phosphate group of one nucleotide

Deoxyribose sugar of the adjacent nucleotide

These form the bonds between the 3’ hydroxyl group of the sugar and the 5’ phosphate group

Question 23

What is the overall shape of DNA ?

Answer 23

Double helix

Question 24

How many strands make up a molecule of dna

Answer 24

2

Question 25

How do strands stay associated with each other ?

Answer 25

Stay together through hydrogen bonds between complementary bases (A-T 2 bonds, c-g with three bonds)

Question 26

Why is it important that these bonds are reversible ?

Answer 26

Allows the strands to separate during processes like DNA replication and transcription, enabling copying and reading of genetic information

Question 27

Describe the two major structural differences between DNA and RNA

Answer 27

Sugar: DNA contains deoxyribose, while RNA contains ribose. Nitrogenous base: DNA uses thymine, RNA uses uracil

Question 28

Carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome, where it guides protein synthesis

Answer 28

mRNA

Question 29

Forms the core structure of ribosomes and helps catalyze the formation of peptide bonds during protein synthesis

Answer 29

rRNA

Question 30

Delivers specific amino acids to the ribosome based on the mRNAs codon sequence during translation

Answer 30

tRNA

Question 31

How are genotype and phenotype related ?

Answer 31

The genotype provides instructions for building proteins, which influence the phenotype.

Question 32

A long, organized structure of DNA and proteins that carries genetic information. In humans, are found in the nucleus with 23 pairs in most cells

Answer 32

Chromosomes

Question 33

In eukaryotes chromosomes are

Answer 33

Linear and pairs of chromosomes

Question 34

Prokaryotes have _________ chromosome

Answer 34

1 circular chromosome

Question 35

Which of the following is not found within DNA?

Answer 35

amino acids

Question 36

If 30% of the bases within a DNA molecule are adenine, what is the percentage of thymine?

Answer 36

30%

Question 37

Here are the true statements about base pairing in DNA:

Answer 37

Base pairing occurs at the interior of the double helix. Base pairs are stabilized by hydrogen bonds. Purines always base pair with pyrimidines.

Question 38

If a DNA strand contains the sequence 5ʹ ATTCCGGATCGA-3ʹ, which of the following is the sequence of the complementary strand of DNA?

Answer 38

5ʹ-TAAGGCCTAGCT-3ʹ

Question 39

During denaturation of DNA, which of the following happens?

Answer 39

Hydrogen bonds between complementary bases break.

Question 40

Which of the following types of RNA codes for a protein?

Answer 40

mRNA

Question 41

A nucleic acid is purified from a mixture. The molecules are relatively small, contain uracil, and most are covalently bound to an amino acid. Which of the following was purified?

Answer 41

tRNA