Chapter 11 Flashcards
(20 cards)
self
All of the characteristics of a person.
Self-understanding
A child’s cognitive representation of the self—the substance and content of a child’s self-conceptions.
possible self
What an individual might become, would like to become, and is afraid of becoming.
social cognition
The processes involved in understanding the world around us, especially how we think and reason about other people.
perspective taking
The social cognitive process involved in assuming the perspective of others and understanding their thoughts and feelings.
self-esteem
The global evaluative dimension of the self; also called self-worth or self-image.
self-concept
Domain-specific self-evaluations.
identity
Who a person is, representing a synthesis and integration of self-understanding.
identity versus identity confusion
Erikson’s fifth developmental stage, which individuals experience during the adolescent years. At this time, adolescents examine who they are, what they are all about, and where they are going in life.
psychosocial moratorium
Erikson’s term for the gap between childhood security and adult autonomy that adolescents experience as part of their identity exploration.
crisis
A period of identity development during which the adolescent is choosing among meaningful alternatives.
commitment
Personal investment in identity.
identity diffusion
Marcia’s term for the status of individuals who have not yet experienced a crisis (that is,they have not yet explored meaningful alternatives) or made any commitments.
identity foreclosure
Marcia’s term for the status of individuals who have made a commitment but have not experienced a crisis.
identity moratorium
Marcia’s term for the status of individuals who are in the midst of a crisis but whose commitments either are absent or are only vaguely defined.
identity achievement
Marcia’s term for the status of individuals who have undergone a crisis and made a commitment.
individuality
Consists of two dimensions: self- assertion, the ability to have and communicate a point of view; and separateness, the use of communication patterns to express how one is different from others.
connectedness
Consists of two dimensions: mutuality, sensitivity to and respect for others’ views; and permeability, openness to others’ views.
ethnic identity
An enduring aspect of the self that includes a sense of membership in an ethnic group, along with the attitudes and feelings related to that membership.
bicultural identity
Identity formation that occurs when adolescents identify in some ways with their ethnic group and in other ways with the majority culture.
