Chapter 11: Cancer

Question 1

cancer

Answer 1

1:3 people

a set of diseases in which abnormal body cells multiply and spread in an uncontrolled fashion

often forms a tissue mass called a tumor

Question 2

metastasis

Answer 2

the process by which malignant body cells proliferate in number and spread to surrounding body tissues

Question 3

carcinoma

Answer 3

85%

most common form in men is prostate followed by lung
most common form in women is breast followed by lung

cancer of the epithelial cells that line the outer and inner surfaces of the body, including the breasts, prostate, lungs, and skin

Question 4

sarcoma

Answer 4

2%

cancer that strikes muscles, bones, and cartilage

Question 5

lymphoma

Answer 5

cancer of the body’s lymph system includes Hodgkin’s disease and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Question 6

carcinogen

Answer 6

a cancer-causing agent

tobacco
ultraviolet radiation
environmental toxin
alcohol
processed meats

Question 7

consideration of future consequences

Answer 7

the extent to which individual consider and are influenced by the potential future outcomes of their behavior

Question 8

melanoma

Answer 8

a potentially deadly form of cancer that strikes the melatonin-containing cells of the skin

Question 9

comparative optimism

Answer 9

the tendency to think that one will experience more positive and fewer negative outcomes than others

Question 10

immunocompetence

Answer 10

the overall ability of the immune system at any given time to defend the body against the harmful effects of foreign agents

Question 11

immune surveillance theory

Answer 11

cells of the immune system play a monitoring function in searching for and destroying abnormal cells such as those that form tumors

Question 12

immunotherapy

Answer 12

chemotherapy in which medications are used to support or enhance the immune system’s ability to selectively target cancer cells

Question 13

post-traumatic growth

Answer 13

positive psychological change experienced as a result of struggle with a highly challenging life circumstance

Question 14

guided imagery

Answer 14

formation of clear, strong, positive images

the use of one or more external devices to assist in relaxation

Question 15

systematic desensitization (behavior therapy)

Answer 15

a form of behavior therapy commonly used for overcoming phobias

the person is exposed to a series of increasingly fearful situations while remaining deeply relaxed

Question 16

leukemia

Answer 16

cancer of the blood/blood-producing system

Question 17

risk factor: stress

Answer 17

when the immune system is overwhelmed, natural killer cells have a hard time doing their job

perceived stress plays a role in immunosuppression

biphasic model demonstrates short-term stressors enhance immunity whereas long-term stressors damped immune responses

Question 18

risk factor: depression

Answer 18

if depressed during cancer, your risk heightens