Flashcards in Chapter 11 - Excretion Deck (99)
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1
excretion - definition
removal of metabolic wastes produced in the body
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elimination - definition
removal of indigestible material
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most of the body's activities produce metabolic wastes that must be
removed
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aerobic respiration leads to production of
CO2 and H2O
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deamination of amino acids in the liver leads to production of
nitrogenous wastes - urea; ammonia
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all metabolic processes lead to production of
mineral salts
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mineral salts produced by all metabolic processes must be excreted by the
kidneys
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in phyla: protozoa, cnidarians - all cells are in contact with
external, aqueous environment
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water soluble waste (ammonia; CO2) can exit cell via
simple diffusion through cell membrane
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passive excretion
water solube wastes exiting cell via simple diffusion
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contractile vacuole
(some freshwater protozoa)
organelle specialized for water excretion by active transport
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cell is able to maintain volume and pressure by
excess water, which continually diffuses into the cell from hypotonic environment (fresh water) is collected and periodically pumped out of cell
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in annelids (earthworms), carbon dioxide excretion occurs directly through
moist skin
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nephridia
two pairs in each body segment;
excrete water, mineral salts, nitrogenous wastes in form of urea
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insects (arthropods) - carbon dioxide is released from _____ into ______
tissue; adjacent tube-like trachaea
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tube-like trachaea of insects are continuous with external air through openings called
spiracles
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nitrogenous waste excreted in form of
solid uric acid crystals
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the use of solid nitrogenous wastes is an adaptation for the
conservation of water
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mineral salts and uric acid accumulate in the
malphigian tubules
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after accumulating in the malphigian tubules, mineral salts and uric acid are transported to the
intestine
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once transported to the intestine, the mineral salts and uric acid are
expelled with solid wastes of digestion
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principal organs of excretion in humans
lungs, liver, skin, kidneys
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excretion in the lungs
CO2 and water vapor diffuse from blood and are continually exhaled
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excretion in skin
sweat glands excrete:
water
dissolved salts
small quantity of urea
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perspiration serves to regulate
body temperature
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evaporation of sweat produces
cooling
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liver and excretion
processes:
nitrogenous wastes
blood pigment wastes
other chemicals for excretion
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urea is produced by
deamination of amino acids in the liver
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once urea is produced, it diffuses into the
blood for excretion in kidneys
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