Chapter 11 - Genetics Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 11 - Genetics Deck (16)
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1
Q

Define genetics

A

The study of how traits or characteristics are inherited

2
Q

Name three characteristics that all humans have in common

A
  • One nose
  • Two eyes
  • Fingernails
3
Q

What characteristics may humans vary in? (3)

A
  • Height
  • Eye colour
  • Accent
4
Q

What are inherited characteristics?

A

Inherited characteristics are controlled by genes and are passed on from parents to their children

5
Q

Give 5 examples of inherited characteristics

A
  • Height
  • Eye colour
  • Length of eyelashes
  • Shape of face
  • Ability to produce substances such as saliva, tears and enzymes
6
Q

What are non-inherited characteristics?

A

Non-inherited characteristics are not controlled by genes but are learned or acquired during life

7
Q

Give 4 examples of non-inherited characteristics

A
  • Reading
  • Riding a bike
  • Ability to speak one or more languages
  • Using a computer
8
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

Thread-like structures made of DNA and protein found in the nucleus of cells

9
Q

What are chromosomes made from?

A

DNA and protein

10
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

11
Q

What are genes?

A

Short sections of DNA located on chromosomes that control inherited characteristics

12
Q

Give an example of a human gene

A

One gene makes the acid in our stomach

13
Q

How many chromosomes are in a normal body cell of a human?

A

46

14
Q

How many chromosomes are in a sperm?

A

23

15
Q

How many chromosomes are in an egg?

A

23

16
Q

How many chromosomes are in a zygote?

A

46