Chapter 11 - Intelligence

Question 1

Factor analysis

Answer 1

statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie ones total score

Question 2

General intelligence (g)

Answer 2

General intelligence factor that according to spearmen and others underlie specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test

Question 3

savant syndrome

Answer 3

The condition in which a person otherwise Limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing

Question 4

emotional intelligence

Answer 4

ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

Question 5

creativity

Answer 5

The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas

Question 6

intelligence test

Answer 6

a method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitude and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores

Question 7

mental age

Answer 7

A measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance. Thus, a child who does as well as the average eight-year-old said to have a mental image of 8

Question 8

Stanford-Binet

Answer 8

widely used American revision (by Termin at Stanford University) of Binet’s original intelligence test

Question 9

intelligence quotient (IQ)

Answer 9

defined originally as the ratio of mental age (Ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (thus, IQ = ma/ca X 100). on contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned score of 100

Question 10

aptitude test

Answer 10

A test designed to predict a person’s future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn

Question 11

achievement test

Answer 11

Test designed to assess what a person has learned

Question 12

Wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS)

Answer 12

the WAIS is the most widely used intelligence test; contains a verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests

Question 13

standardization

Answer 13

defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested standardization group

Question 14

normal curve

Answer 14

The symmetrical bell shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes

Question 15

reliability

Answer 15

The extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, or alternate forms of the test, or on retesting

Question 16

validity

Answer 16

The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

Question 17

content validity

Answer 17

extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest (such as a driving test that samples driving tasks)

Question 18

criterion

Answer 18

The behavior (such as future college grades) that a test (such as the SAT) is designed to predict; thus, the measure used in defining whether the test has predictive validity

Question 19

predictive validity

Answer 19

The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior. (Also called criterion related validity)

Question 20

mental retardation

Answer 20

A condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligent score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound

Question 21

down syndrome

Answer 21

A condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one’s genetic makeup

Question 22

stereotype threat

Answer 22

A self confirming concerned that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype

Question 23

intelligence

Answer 23

mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations