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Med Term > Chapter 11: Urinary System (Exam 3, dark orange/purple cards) > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Urinary System (Exam 3, dark orange/purple cards) Flashcards

1
Q

albumin/o

A

albumin, protein

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2
Q

azot/o

A

nitrogenous compounds

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3
Q

bacteri/o

A

bacteria (singular, bacterium)

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4
Q

cyst/o
vesic/o

A

bladder

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5
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

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6
Q

kal/i

A

potassium

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7
Q

keton/o

A

ketone bodies (acids and acetones)

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8
Q

lith/o

A

stone, calculus

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9
Q

meat/o

A

opening, meatus

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10
Q

nephr/o
ren/o

A

kidney

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11
Q

olig/o

A

scanty

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12
Q

noct/o

A

night

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13
Q

py/o

A

pus

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14
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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15
Q

ur/o

A

urine, urinary tract

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16
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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17
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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18
Q

-genesis

A

forming, producing, origin

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19
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition (produced by something specified)

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20
Q

-uria

A

urine

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21
Q

dia-

A

through, across

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22
Q

retro-

A

backward, behind

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23
Q

anuria

A

Absence of urine production or output

24
Q

bladder neck obstruction

A

Blockage at the base of the bladder that reduces or prevents urine from passing into the urethra

25
Q

cystocele

A

Prolapsing or downward displacement of the bladder due to weakening of the supporting tissues between the bladder and vagina

26
Q

end-stage renal disease

A

Any type of kidney disease in which there is little or no remaining kidney function, requiring the patient to undergo dialysis or kidney transplant for survival

27
Q

enuresis

A

Involuntary discharge of urine
- incontinence

28
Q

fistula

A

abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another

29
Q

hydronephrosis

A

Abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and the calyces of one or both kidneys caused by pressure from accumulated urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract

30
Q

interstitial cystitis (IC)

A

Chronic inflammation of the bladder wall that is not caused by bacterial infection and is not responsive to conventional antibiotic therapy
- painful bladder syndrome

31
Q

nephrotic syndrome

A

Loss of large amounts of plasma protein, usually albumin, through urine due to an increased permeability of the glomerular membrane

32
Q

neurogenic bladder

A

impairment of bladder control as a result of brain, spinal cord, or nerve damage

33
Q

polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

A

inherited disease in which sacs of fluid called cysts develop in the kidneys

34
Q

pyelonephritis

A

Infection of the kidney, usually the result of an infection that begins in the urethra or bladder and ascends the ureters to the kidney

35
Q

urgency

A

sensation of the need to void immediately

36
Q

urinary tract infection (UTI)

A

An infection, typically of bacterial origin, in any part of the urinary tract, including the kidneys (acute pyelonephritis), bladder (cystitis), or urethra (urethritis)

37
Q

vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)

A

Disorder caused by the failure of urine to pass through the ureters to the bladder, usually as a result of impairment of the valve between the ureter and bladder or obstruction in the ureter

38
Q

Wilms tumor

A

Rapidly developing malignant tumor of the kidney that usually occurs in children
- nephroblastoma

39
Q

Electromyography (EMG)

A

measures the contraction of muscles that control urination using electrodes placed in the rectum and urethra

40
Q

cystoscopy (cysto)

A

Examination of the urinary bladder for evidence of pathology, to obtain biopsies of tumors or other growths, or to remove polyps

41
Q

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

test that determines the amount of nitrogen in blood that comes from urea, a waste product of protein metabolism

42
Q

culture and sensitivity (C&S)

A

Test that determines the causative organism of an infection and identifies how the organism responds to various antibiotics

43
Q

urinalysis (UA)

A

urine screening test that includes physical observation, chemical tests, and microscopic evaluation

44
Q

bladder ultrasound

A

A noninvasive painless test that uses high-frequency soundwaves to produce images of the bladder before and after urination to check for urinary retention

45
Q

intravenous pyelography (IVP)

A

Imaging of the urinary tract after IV injection of a contrast medium
- excretory urography

46
Q

renal nuclear scan

A

Nuclear imaging test using a radioactive substance (tracer) injected intravenously to produce images of the kidneys

47
Q

voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)

A

X-ray of the bladder and urethra performed before, during, and after voiding using a contrast medium to enhance imaging

48
Q

kidney transplant

A

Replacement of a diseased kidney with one that is supplied by a compatible donor (usually a family member or a cadaver who has donated the kidney before death)

49
Q

nephrostomy

A

Opening created between the skin and kidney to drain urine through a tube to a collecting receptacle outside the body when the ureters are unable to do so

50
Q

ureteral stent placement

A

insertion of a thin, narrow tube into the ureter to prevent or treat obstruction of urine flow from the kidney

51
Q

dialysis

A

Filtering procedure used to remove fluid and waste products from the blood and correct for electrolyte imbalances

52
Q

hemodialysis

A

Dialysis in which an artificial kidney machine receives waste-filled blood, filters it using a solution called a dialysate, and then returns the dialyzed (clean) blood to the patient’s bloodstream

53
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

Dialysis in which toxic substances are removed from the body by using the peritoneal membrane as the filter by perfusing (flushing) the peritoneal cavity with a warm, sterile chemical solution

54
Q

catheterization

A

insertion of a slender tube into the bladder; possible attached to a drainage bag to allow urine to be freely removed from the bladder

55
Q

Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

A

Use of powerful sound-wave vibrations to pulverize uroliths that are then more easily expelled, special monitor to carefully focus sound waves onto the area containing the stone

Med Term (17 decks)

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