Chapter 12

Question 1

Jane and Roland are a married couple, who both hold away from-home jobs in addition to managing their house hold duties. If they’re typical of other such couples research results suggest that

Answer 1

Jane is happier with her away from home work

Question 2

____ is when a child understands that they themselves are one gender or the other and always will be

Answer 2

Gender identity

Question 3

The cultural historian johan huizinga wrote about play in 1944 in which he contended that

Answer 3

Most of what society calls “high culture”

Question 4

Some developmental researchers have argued that adult romantic love can be understood in terms of infant attachment in part because both involve

Answer 4

Physical affection and feelings of security in each others presence

Question 5

In one study some mothers were trained to use firm but kind methods of discipline and others were not. Results showed

Answer 5

Friendlier and more cooperative by their teachers

Question 6

Which statement is not one of the contributing factors to the gender differences seen between boys and girls at an early age

Answer 6

Parents jostle their daughters more than they do their sons

Question 7

16 year old Elliot decides to steal a car in order to show off to his friends. How would Judith explain the adolescents engagement

Answer 7

It reflects Elliot’s desire to set himself apart

Question 8

Kelsey and Michael are playing in their backyard. Lev would argue

Answer 8

Practicing self discipline

Question 9

Lawrence kohlbergs methodology for studying moral reasoning was to

Answer 9

Present a story involving a moral dilemma

Question 10

According to kohlbergs stage theory of moral reasoning, reaching the higher stages requires the ability to

Answer 10

Pass through all of the lower stages and discover their limitations

Question 11

Which statement is a research result that provides evidence for an innate human capacity to feel empathy and to act accordingly

Answer 11

Newborns will cry

Question 12

Terrie Moffitt has suggested that the early onset of puberty and the delayed acceptance into legitimate adult society in modern culture may lead to:

Answer 12

unwanted side effect of adolescent recklessness and delinquency.

Question 13

Which statement is NOT a central aspect of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development?

Answer 13

Higher stages of moral development involve a greater concern for personal relationships than do lower stages.

Question 14

Arnulf assists a world renowned artist, what is essential to his enjoyment of it

Answer 14

Work that is complex and varied

Question 15

In the strange situation test an infant is placed an unfamiliar room. Which best exemplifies behavior patterns

Answer 15

Infant explores the room when the mother is present, seems uneasy and explores less when she leaves

Question 16

It has been found that in age-graded school settings, children play _____. However, in neighborhood settings, or cultures that don’t have age-graded schools, children often play _____.

Answer 16

almost entirely with others who are about the same age as themselves; in groups with age spans of several years.

Question 17

A view that is prevalent in American culture is that male roles are superior to female roles. Which statement is NOT an actual observation that might be due to this view?

Answer 17

Young girls frequently attempt to fit into male roles

Question 18

Which statement would BEST explain why older people generally report higher life satisfaction than younger people?

Answer 18

Older people concentrate mostly on positive events in life and try to ignore negative ones.

Question 19

With respect to the way people psychologically approach death, research supports the:

Answer 19

view that there is no universal approach to death.

Question 20

Which statement BEST expresses John Bowlby’s application of Darwinian logic to an understanding of social development?

Answer 20

Instinctive predispositions

Question 21

According to Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning, stage _____ focuses on consequences of rewards and punishment.

Answer 21

1

Question 22

Why have researchers proposed that marital happiness may depend even more on the husband’s capacity to adjust than the wife’s?

Answer 22

Success in a marriage may often depend on the husband’s willingness

Question 23

Emilio is beginning to spontaneously give toys and food to his parents. About how old is Emilio?

Answer 23

1

Question 24

According to the socioemotional selectivity theory, what happens as people grow older?

Answer 24

People grow less concerned with the future and are more focused on the present.

Question 25

When interpreting studies showing correlations between parental disciplinary styles and children's behavior, it is important to acknowledge that the correlations:

Answer 25

could reflect the influence of the child's behavioral style on the parent's disciplinary style.

Question 26

Dalton and his parents go to a restaurant and dalton flings food. Which of Baumrind's parenting styles are Dalton's parents utilizing?

Answer 26

Permissive

Question 27

Children have been found to _____ the rules of social fantasy play, which _____ Vygotsky's view of play.

Answer 27

Strictly enforce; supports

Question 28

Harry Harlow separated infant monkeys from their mothers and provided each with two surrogate mothers, one of wire and one of cloth.

Answer 28

Both groups became attached to the cloth mother

Question 29

Wilson and Daly's view that “the young-male syndrome” helps explain adolescent recklessness and violence can be BEST reflected by the fact that risk acts are performed by adolescent males:

Answer 29

To gain status

Question 30

Rashid's parents love him very much, are highly tolerant of his disruptive actions, and rarely exert any type of control over him. Baumrind would classify Rashid's parents as:

Answer 30

Permissive

Question 31

Mackenzie's attentive, responsive, emotionally sensitive behavior toward her infant promotes which type of attachment?

Answer 31

Secure attachment

Question 32

______ observed attachment behavior in young humans and _____ developed a systematic program of research on attachment.

Answer 32

Bowlby; Harlow

Question 33

The myth of invulnerability is associated with _____ and has been proposed as a partial explanation for _____ during this period.

Answer 33

adolescence; recklessness.

Question 34

Egocentric empathy is when a(n):

Answer 34

distressed person or infant looks to comfort itself

Question 35

The pair of concepts that are central to nearly all research and theory on adult development are:

Answer 35

Love and work

Question 36

A study of giving behavior in infants between the ages of 12 and 18 months revealed that they:

Answer 36

spontaneously gave toys to others.

Question 37

Studies of adolescent rebellion in North America consistently show that:

Answer 37

adolescent rebellion is usually directed at immediate forms of parental control over them.

Question 38

When both parents in a two-parent household work equal hours outside the home

Answer 38

the wife rates herself negatively

Question 39

The five stages that Elisabeth Kübler-Ross proposed when people learn they will soon die are denial, anger, _____, depression, and finally acceptance.

Answer 39

bargaining

Question 40

Angelina, a 1-year-old child, return. By this test Angelina's attachment to her mother would be classified as:

Answer 40

secure

Question 41

Westerners might interpret !Kung and Efe infant care as overly indulgent because infants in those societies are:

Answer 41

in almost constant physical contact with the mothers or other caregivers.

Question 42

Researchers found that in _______ culture(s) studied, boys play mostly with boys and girls play mostly with girls. Through playing with others of their own sex, children________.

Answer 42

every; develop

Question 43

The replication of a previously learned behavior from a model, even when it is not the best solution to the problem, is:

Answer 43

overimitation

Question 44

Which type of human play has NOT been observed in every culture studied?

Answer 44

violent play.

Question 45

A set of fraternal twins, one could expect to see people:

Answer 45

play more actively with William and behave more gently toward Peggy.

Question 46

Harry is constantly worried that his romantic partner is being unfaithful. What kind of attachment style is this?

Answer 46

anxious