Chapter 12 Flashcards Preview

BIO 312 > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chapter 12 Deck (65)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, broca’s area, frontal eye field

A

motor areas (cbrum)

2
Q

houses large pyramidal cells, conscious control; frontal lobe

A

primary motor cortex (cbrum)

3
Q

helps to plan movements; frontal lobe

A

premotor cortex (cbrum)

4
Q

speech; frontal

A

broca’s area (cbrum)

5
Q

movement of eyes

A

frontal eye field (cbrum)

6
Q

primary somatosensory cortex, somatosensory association, visual areas, auditory areas, olfactory, visceral sensory

A

Sensory areas (cbrum)

7
Q

receive information from general senses and proprioceptors

A

primary somatosensory cortex (cbrum)

8
Q

integrate sensory inputs (temperature, pressure)

A

somatosensory association cortex (cbrum)

9
Q

interpretation of visual stimulus; occipital lobe

A

visual association areas (cbrum)

10
Q

memories of sounds heard in the past can be stored here; temporal lobe

A

auditory association area (cbrum)

11
Q

balance

A

vestibular cortex (cbrum)

12
Q

smell; temporal lobe

A

olfactory cortex (cbrum)

13
Q

aids with intellect and learning

A

anterior association area, prefrontal cortex (cerebrum)

14
Q

patterns (language)

A

posterior association area (cerebrum)

15
Q

emotional impact

A

limbic association area (cbrum)

16
Q

controls starting and stopping movements, plays a role in cognition and emotion, inhibits unnecessary or antagonistic movements
includes the caudate nucleus, putamen and the globus pallidus

A

basal nuclei (cbrum)

17
Q

association fibers, commisional fibers, rejection fibers

A

white matter of the cerebrum

18
Q

relay station for info going to the cerebral cortex, regulates emotion and visceral function, ventral lateral and ventral anterior nuclei;direct activity of motor cortices, lateral dorsal and lateral posterior nuclei; memory or sensory integration

A

Thalamus (diencephalon)

19
Q

Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

A

Diencephalon

20
Q

Controls the ANS, initiates physical responses to emotions, regulates body temp., regulates food intake, regulate water balance and thirst, regulate sleep and wake cycles (suprachiasmatic nucleus), control the endocrine cycle

A

Hypothalamus (diencephalon)

21
Q

mainly composed of pineal gland, produces melatonin, aids in our sleep and wake cycles

A

Epithalamus (diencephalon)

22
Q

cerebral peduncle, corpora quadrigemina, red nucleus

A

Midbrain

23
Q

tracts for descending motor pathways

A

cerebral penduncles

24
Q

reflex center forehead and eye movement

A

corpora quadrigemina

25
Q

relay for some motor pathways

A

red nucleus

26
Q

deep projection fibers, middle cerebellar peduncles

A

pons

27
Q

relay center between motor cortex and cerebellum

A

middle cerebellar peduncles

28
Q

houses pyramids, interior olivary nuclei, cochlear nuclei, vestibular nuclei, ascending sensory tracts, cardio and respiration control centers

A

Medulla Oblongata

29
Q

motor pathway tract, decussation of the pyramid-crossover

A

Pyramids

30
Q

relay info to the cerebellum, degree of stretch in muscles

A

interior olivary nuclei

31
Q

auditory relay

A

cochlear nuclei

32
Q

mediate responses to maintain balance

A

vestibular nuclei

33
Q

gracilis and cuneatus

A

ascending sensory tracts

34
Q

connect cerebellum to the midbrain, carry info from the cerebellum to motor cortex via thalamus

A

Superior cerebral peduncles (bellum)

35
Q

one way communication from the pons to the cerebellum

A

Middle cerebral peduncles (bellum)

36
Q

connect medulla to cerebellum, convey sensory info from proprioceptors

A

inferior cerebral peduncles (bellum)

37
Q
  1. motor cortex via brain stem informs cerebellum of intent to move
  2. receives info about body position
  3. cerebellar cortex calculates smoothest movement
  4. Via the SCP the cerebellum dispatches to the cerebral motor cortex its blueprint for coordinating movement
A

Cerebellar Processing

38
Q

hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus

these are linked together by the fornix

A

components of the Limbic System

39
Q

memory

A

hippocampus

40
Q

emotional behavior, control over endocrine and autonomic function

A

amygdala

41
Q

temperature, energy water balance, autonomic function

A

hypothalamus

42
Q

central core of the brain stem

A

Reticular formation

43
Q

keeps the cerebral cortex alert, filters 99% of all sensory stimuli

A

Reticular activating system

44
Q

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

A

meninges

45
Q

form a thick barrier

A

dura mater

46
Q

subarachnoid space with is filled with cerebral spinal fluid, arachnoid granulations

A

Arachnoid mater

47
Q

richly invested with tiny blood vessels

A

pia mater

48
Q

produced by the choroid plexus, flows through ventricles, flows through SA space, absorbed in the dural venous sinus

A

cerebral spinal fluid

49
Q

maintain proper environment, 3 layers, not found in areas that control vomiting or in the hypothalamus

A

Blood brain barrier

50
Q

endothelium of the capillary wall, thick basal lamina, bulbous feet of astrocytes

A

layers of the blood brain barrier

51
Q

damage to the dorsal root–> sensory tracts

A

paraesthesias

52
Q

damage to ventral root, flaccid or spastic

A

paralysis

53
Q

ventral root damage, no impulses reaching the muscle

A

flaccid paralysis

54
Q

upper motor neuron damage

A

spastic paralysis

55
Q

paraplegia (T1-L1), quadriplegia (cervical region)

A

transection

56
Q

upper limbs, upper trunk, neck, touch pressure, body sense
synapse and crossover in the medulla
synapse in the thalamus
Destination: cerebral cortex

A

Fasciculus Cuneatus (dorsal column-medial lemniscal) Ascending

57
Q

lower limbs, lower trunk, neck, touch pressure, body sense
synapse and crossover in the medulla, synapse in the thalamus
Destination:Cerebral cortex

A

Fasciculus Gracilis (Dorsal Column-medial lemniscal) Ascending

58
Q

Pain and temperature
synapse and crossover in the spine, synapse in the thalamus
Destination: cerebral cortex

A

Lateral and ventral spinothalamic

Ascending

59
Q

proprioreceptors; lower limbs

synapse in the spine and the cerebellum

A

Dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar

ascending

60
Q

Start: cerebral cortex, crossover in medulla, synapse in spine
effector: skeletal muscles

A

Lateral coritcospinal pyramidal- direct

descending

61
Q

start: cerebral cortex, crossover and synapse at the spine
effector: skeletal muscles

A

ventral corticospinal pyramidal- direct

descending

62
Q

start and crossover at the midbrain, synapse at the spine

effector: subconscious control of eye neck movement

A

tectospinal indirect

63
Q

start between medulla and pons, synapse at the spine

effector: balance and muscle tone

A

vestibulospinal indirect

64
Q

start at the red nuclei and crossover, synapse at spine

effector: upper limb muscle tone, involuntary

A

rubrospinal indirect

65
Q

start at reticular formation in the midbrain, pons and medulla, synapse in spine
effector: subconscious regulation of reflex activity

A

reticulospinal indirect