Heart
Fist-sized organ thats pumps blood throughout the body
Epicardium
Has two parts; Myocardium, endocardium
Endocardium
lines heart and blood vessels
Atrium
receives blood; superior to the ventricles
Interatrial Septum
separates the heart HORIZONTALLY
Interventricular Septum
separates the heart VERTICALLY
AV Valve (Tricuspid)
directs blood flow prevents bakflow
Chordae Tendinae
fibrous cords prevents cusps inverting
Pulmonary SL Valve
prevents blood flowing into right ventricle
Biuspid (mitreal) Valve
between two atria has cusps
Papillary Muscle
keeps bicuspid valve from inverting in left atrium
Aortic SL Valve
thiccer than the pulmonary SL valves
Sup and Inf venae cavae
deoxygenated blood enters right atrium, largest veins in the body
Stroke Volume
volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per BEAT
Cardiac Output
volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per MIN
Congestive heart failure
when cardiac output is insufficient
Systole
contraction of heart
Diastole
relaxation of heart
“lub”
sound when ventricles contract, atrioventricular valves close
“dub”
when SL valves close, ventricles relax
Mitreal Stenosis
steptococcal infection, narrow opening of bicuspid valve
SA node
peacemaker, initiates heartbeat
AV node
conducts the impulse to a group of large fibers
Purkinje Fiber
causes ventricles to contract, begins at apex
Electrocardiogram
record of changes during a cardiac cycle
Cardiac control center
can alter heart rate, located in medulla ablongata
Arteries
transport blood AWAY from heart
Arterioles
small arteries
Arteriosclerosis
process of hardening arteries
Cerebrovascular Accident
A stroke, happens when brain has no oxygen
Capillaries
arterioles branch into capillaries
Capillary Beds
network of capillaries
Precapillary sphincters
encircles the entrance to each capillary
Veins
carries blood from capillary beds TO heart
Venules
small veins
Valves (in veins)
prevent blood going to heart
Varicose veins
abnormal dilations in veins in lower legs
Hemorrhoids
varicose veins
Phlebitis
inflammation in a vein
Pulmonary Circulation
circulates blood though lungs
systemic circulation
serves the needs of body’s tissues
Circle of Willis
the branches the oxygenated blood in arteries gives off in the region of the pituitary
Coronary Arteries
part of the systemic circulation, serves myocardium
Hepatic Portal system
carries blood from stomach, intestines to liver
Foramen Ovale
opening between two atria
Ductus arteriosus
connection between pulmonary artery and aorta
Cyanosis
when blood travels from left to right atrium
Pulse
expanding and recoiling of an arterial wall
Systolic Pressure
higher number in 120/80, pressure recorded when left ventricle contracts
Diastolic pressure
lower number in 120/80, pressure recorded when left ventricle relaxes
Hypertension
20% of Americans have high blood pressure
Pulmonary Embolism
thromboembolism, obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot