Chapter 12

Question 1

Durable exclusive relationship between male and female

Answer 1

Pair bond

Question 2

A female receptive posture in quadruceps where the hind quarters are raised and the tail is moved to one side

Answer 2

lordosis

Question 3

A temporary change in behavior due to hormone injection

Answer 3

activational effect

Question 4

Hypothalamus area involved in eating and sexual behavior

Answer 4

Ventral medial hypothalamus

Question 5

region of the brainstem reticular formation implicated in sleep and modulation of spinal reflexes

Answer 5

Paragigantocellular nucleus

Question 6

A portion of the amygdala that receives olfactory and pheromonal information

Answer 6

medial amygdala

Question 7

Terminating pregnancy and absorbing the fetus in the presence of a new male

Answer 7

The bruce effect

Question 8

Offspring that are born underdeveloped state and depend on their parents for care

Answer 8

Altricial offspring

Question 9

Refferring to animals that are born in a relatively developed state and are able to survive with little maternal care

Answer 9

Precocial

Question 10

Two females are surgically joined, sharing blood and hormones

Answer 10

Parabiotic operation

Question 11

Hormones involved in pregnancy or post pregnancy behaviors

Answer 11

prolactins, estrogen, progesterone

Question 12

Area that regulates maternal behavior

Answer 12

Antroventral pariventricular nucleus

Question 13

Process by which the initial decision for a fetus to become male or female is made

Answer 13

Sexual determination

Question 14

Undifferentiated gonads of the vertebrate fetus that will eventually become testes or ovaries

Answer 14

indifferent gonads

Question 15

Gene on the y chromosome that directs the gonads to become testes

Answer 15

SRY gene

Question 16

Ducts that will develop into male sexual structures: epididymis, vans deferens, and seminal vesicles

Answer 16

Wolffian ducts

Question 17

Embryonic ducts that will become female reproductive structures: oviduct, uterus and inner vagina

Answer 17

Mullerian ducts

Question 18

Androgen that is principally responsible for the masculinization of external genitalia in mammals

Answer 18

Dihydrotestoterone

Question 19

One x chromosome condition, underdeveloped but recognizable ovaries

Answer 19

Turner’s syndrome

Question 20

Any of several genetic mutations that result in female embryo being exposed to adrenal adrogens, which result in a clitoris that is larger than normal

Answer 20

Congential andrenal hyperplasia

Question 21

A syndrome caused by mutations to the androgen receptor gene that renders tissue insensitive to androgenic hormone like testosterone, phenotypic females with internal testes and regressed internal genital structures

Answer 21

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

Question 22

Nicknames for individuals who are raised as girls until they become boys at age 12 (no DHT)

Answer 22

guevedoces

Question 23

Permanent changes on the brain and thus behavior from sexual sterois in utero

Answer 23

Organizational effects

Question 24

Chemical process that converts testosterone to estradiol and other androgens to estrogens

Answer 24

aromatization

Question 25

Enzyme that converts androgen to estrogen

Answer 25

aromatase

Question 26

Blood protein that binds to estrogen and prevents it from entering the brain

Answer 26

a-fetoprotein

Question 27

Phenomenon of males and females showing pronounced differences in appearance

Answer 27

sexual dimorphism

Question 28

A group of motor neurons of the spinal nucleus of the the bulbocavernous that innervate striated muscles controlling the penis

Answer 28

Spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus

Question 29

BC motor neurons in male mammals

Answer 29

Onuf's nucleus

Question 30

Rare medical condition in which XY individuals don't develop a penis

Answer 30

cloacal exstrophy

Question 31

virgin birth

Answer 31

parthenogenesis

Question 32

fertilized egg

Answer 32

zygote

Question 33

period where females are sexually receptive

Answer 33

estrus

Question 34

thrust of penis into vagina

Answer 34

intromission

Question 35

species specific behavior that establish maintain or promote sexual interaction

Answer 35

appetitive behavior

Question 36

Referring to a state in which an animal advertises its readiness to mate through species typical behavior

Answer 36

proceptive