Chapter 12 - Alkanes Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is the average bond enthalpy?
Is a measurement of covalent bond strength
What is an aliphatic hydrocarbon?
Hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a straight line or branched chain.
What is an alicyclic hydrocarbon?
Hydrocarbons arranged in non aromatic rings with or without side chains
What is an aromatic hydrocarbon?
Hydrocarbon that contains at least one benzene ring
What is the general formula for alkanes?
CnH2n+2
What is the general formula for alkenes?
CnH2n
What is the general formula for alcohols?
CnH2n+1OH
What is a structural isomerism?
When molecules have the same molecular formula but different structural formula
What are stereoisomers?
Organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms in space
What is E/Z isomerism?
Is caused by limited rotation about C=C double bonds
What is Cis/Trans isomerism?
Special type of E/Z isomerism where the two substituents on each carbon atom are the same
What is homolytic fission?
It happens when each boning atom receives one electron from the bonded pair forming two radicals
What is heterolytic fission?
When one bonding atom receives both electrons from bonded pair
What are radical?
Highly reactive, neutral species
How is a covalent bond formed from two radicals?
The radicals collide and the electrons are involved in the bond formation
Are alkanes bonds polar or non-polar?
Non-polar
Why are alkane bonds non-polar?
Carbon and hydrogen have similar electronegatives
What is the shape of an alkane?
Tetrahedral
What is the angle of an alkane?
109.5
What type of intermolecular forces do alkanes have?
London forces
Why do alkanes have London forces?
Induced dipole-dipole interaction, because the bond are non-polar
Why does the boiling point increase as chain length increases?
More surface area so more induced dipole dipole interactions = more energy required to overcome attraction
Why are alkanes insoluble?
Hydrogen bonds in water are stronger than alkanes london forces of attraction
What is complete combustion?
Combustion that occurs with plentiful supply of air
