Chapter 12: Host Defenses Flashcards Preview

Microbiology > Chapter 12: Host Defenses > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chapter 12: Host Defenses Deck (26)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

First Line of Defense

A

any barrier that blocks invasion at the portal of entry; limits access to the internal tissues of the body; not considered a true immune response (too general)

2
Q

Second Line of Defense

A

internalized system of protective cells and fluids; includes inflammation and phagocytosis; acts rapidly at both the local and systemic levels

3
Q

Third Line of Defense

A

acquired on an individual basis as each foreign substance is encountered by lymphocytes; the reaction with each different microbe produces unique protective substances; provides long-term immunity

4
Q

Major components of first line of defense (3)

A

(1) physical barriers; (2) chemical barriers; (3) genetic components

5
Q

Major components of second line of defense (4)

A

(1) phagocytosis; (2) inflammation; (3) fever; (4) antimicrobial proteins

6
Q

Major components of third line of defense (2)

A

(1) B-cells; (2) T-cells

7
Q

Physical barrier’s on the body’s surface (5)

A

(1) Skin; (2) Hair shaft; (3) Sweat; (4) Mucous membranes; (5) Respiratory tract

8
Q

Genitourinary tract (how does it protect?)

A

protection through continuous trickle of urine; bladder emptying; vaginal secretions

9
Q

Lysozyme

A

an enzyme found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in the cell wall of bacteria

10
Q

Chemical defenses of sweat

A

sebaceous secretions; high lactic acid

11
Q

Chemical defenses of skin

A

acidic pH; fatty acid content

12
Q

Stomach and Intestines chemical defenses

A

HCL in the stomach; digestive juices in the intestines

13
Q

Male and Female genitalia chemical defenses

A

semen is antimicrobial; vagina has acidic pH due to normal biota

14
Q

Immunology

A

the study of all features of the body’s second and third lines of defense, study of the body’s response to infectious agents, study of allergies and cancer

15
Q

The Reticuloendothelial System

A

a support network of connective tissue fibers surrounding all organs; heavily endowed with macrophages

16
Q

The Circulatory System

A

WBC’s circulate through the blood and fuck shit up

17
Q

The Lymphatic System

A

Filters lymph through vessel like routes and destroys microbes

18
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

production of RBC’s

19
Q

Stem Cells

A

during development, stem cells proliferate and differentiate into red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

20
Q

Whole blood consists of these three parts

A

blood cells; plasma; serum (used in immune testing; no clotting factors)

21
Q

Location of lymph nodes (3)

A

(1) armpit (axillary nodes), (2) groin (inguinal nodes), (3) neck (cervical nodes)

22
Q

Lymphatic fluid contains all of the following except

A. white blood cells.
B. extracellular fluid.
C. red blood cells.
D. cellular debris.
E. infectious agents.
A

C. red blood cells

23
Q

General activities of phagocytosis (3)

A

(1) survey the tissue compartments and discover microbes, particulate matter, and injured or dead cells;
(2) ingest and eliminate these materials; (3) extract immunogenic information

24
Q

Neutrophils

A

React early in the inflammatory response to bacteria and other foreign materials and to damaged tissue

25
Q

Monocytes

A

are transformed into macrophages after they migrate out of the bloodstream and into the tissues

26
Q

Interferon

A

A small protein produced naturally by certain white blood and tissue cells; defense against microbes and immune regulation