Chapter 12 - Learners With Exceptionalities

Question 0

Disability

Answer 0

The limitation of a function, such as cognitive processing or physical or sensory abilities.

Question 1

Learners With Exceptionalities

Answer 1

Any individuals whose physical, mental, or behavioral performance is so different from the norm - either higher or lower - that additional services are needed to meet the individuals’ needs.

Question 2

Handicap

Answer 2

A condition imposed on a person with disabilities by society, the physical environment, or the person’s attitude.

Question 3

Mental Retardation

Answer 3

A condition, usually present at birth, that results in below-average intellectual skills and poor adaptive behavior.

Question 4

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Answer 4

An intelligence test score that should be near 100 for people of average intelligence.

Question 5

Learning Disabilities (LD)

Answer 5

Disorders that impede academic progress of people who are not mentally retarded or emotionally disturbed.

Question 6

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Answer 6

A disorder characterized by difficulties maintaining attention because of a limited ability to concentrate; includes impulsive actions and hyperactive behavior.

Question 7

Speech Disorders

Answer 7

Oral articulation problems, occurring most frequently among children in the early elementary school grades.

Question 8

Language Disorders

Answer 8

Impairments in one’s ability to understand language or to express ideas in one’s native language.

Question 9

Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

Answer 9

Exceptionalities characterized by problems with learning, interpersonal relationships, and control of feelings and behavior.

Question 10

Conduct Disorders

Answer 10

Socioemotional and behavioral disorders that are indicated in individuals who, for example, are chronically disobedient or disruptive.

Question 11

Autism

Answer 11

A category of disability that significantly affects social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and educational performance.

Question 12

Sensory Impairments

Answer 12

Problems with the ability to receive information through the body’s senses.

Question 13

Vision Loss

Answer 13

Degree of uncorrectable inability to see well.

Question 14

Hearing Disabilities

Answer 14

Degree of deafness; uncorrectable inability to hear well.

Question 15

Giftedness

Answer 15

Exceptional intellectual ability, creativity, or talent.

Question 16

Acceleration Programs

Answer 16

Rapid promotion through advanced studies for students who are gifted or talented.

Question 17

Enrichment Programs

Answer 17

Programs in which assignments or activities are designed to broaden or deepen the knowledge of students who master classroom lessons quickly.

Question 18

Special Education

Answer 18

Programs that address the needs of students with mental, emotional, or physical disabilities.

Question 19

Public Law 94-142

Answer 19

Federal law enacted in 1975 requiring provision of special-education services to eligible students.

Question 20

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

Answer 20

P.L. 101-476, a federal law enacted in 1990 that changed the name of P.L. 94-142 and broadened services to adolescents with diabilities.

Question 21

Least Restrictive Environment

Answer 21

Provision in IDEA that requires students with disabilities to be educated alongside peers without disabilities to the maximum extent appropriate.

Question 22

Mainstreaming or Inclusion

Answer 22

The temporal, instructional, and social integration of eligible children having exceptionalities with peers who do not have exceptionalities based on an ongoing, individually determined educational planning and programming process.

Question 23

Individualized Education Program (IEP)

Answer 23

A program tailored to the needs of a learner with exceptionalities.

Question 24

Collaboration

Answer 24

Process in which professionals work cooperatively to provide educational services.

Question 25

Response to Intervention

Answer 25

Policies in which struggling children are given intensive assistance and evaluated for possible special-education services only if they fail to respond.

Question 26

Full Inclusion

Answer 26

Arrangement whereby students who have disabilities or are at risk receive all their instruction in a general education setting; support services are brought to the student.