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History 9 > Chapter 12 New Imperialism > Flashcards

Chapter 12 New Imperialism Flashcards

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1
Q

imperialism

A

the domination by one country of the political economic, or cultural life of another country or region

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2
Q

new imperialism

A

aggressive expansion in the 1870’s-1914

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3
Q

the major motives of imperialism

A 
social 
political
economic 
religion
military
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4
Q

Social

A

-spread culture, customs, nationalism

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5
Q

Political

A

-vast empire building, power

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6
Q

Economic

A

-trade new markets, natural resources

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7
Q

Religion

A

-Christian belief that it was their duty

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8
Q

Military

A

-soldiers, naval bases, military outposts, etc.

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9
Q

why did imperialism spread so quick?

A
  • weakness of non-western states
  • western advantages
  • facing criticism at home
  • resisting imperialism
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10
Q

What is direct rule and who practices it?

A

France, a country sends officials and soldiers to administrate colonies

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11
Q

What is indirect rue and who practiced it?

A

Britain, kept local rulers in place but were still in charge

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12
Q

protectorate

A

local rulers were left in place but were expected to follow the advice of European adivisors

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13
Q

sphere of influence

A

an area in which an outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges

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14
Q

colonialism

A

the control of one nation by transported people of another nation, thereby setting up colonies in a new land

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15
Q

5 stages of European exposure into Africa

A
  • costal exploration
  • the slave trade
  • interior exploration
  • missionaries
  • european control
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16
Q

who was the first country to explore Africa?

A

Portugal

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17
Q

What is the slave trade?

A

the use of African people for economic profit

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18
Q

Mungo Park & Sir Richard Burton

A

explored great rivers such as the Niger, Nile, and Congo

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19
Q

John Speake

A

-located Lake Victoria and named it after his queen

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20
Q

David Livingstone

A

explored Zambezi River, where he got lost

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21
Q

Henry M. Stanley

A
  • went to find livingstone
  • found him in Congo
  • sent by King Leopold II
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22
Q

what was the goal of the missionaries

A

spread Christianity, agriculture, and education

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23
Q

What is the Berlin conference?

A

a conference held in Berlin to ensure that there will not be a war over Africa

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24
Q

Cultural Pluralism

A

learn western ways but maintain African culture (ex. Britain, Belgium, Germany)

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25
Cultural Assimilation
being a part of the European culture (ex. France)
26
12 reasons for new imperialism
- natural resources - new markets - bankers invest profit - outlet for population - ship bases for coal and other supplies - national security - empires increased prestige - spread western civilization - racial superiority - decline of older civilizations - superior weapons and transportation - new medicines
27
3 great Muslim empires of the 1500s
Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals
28
Who led the struggle to reform Muslim practices?
Usman dan Fadio
29
Savior of Faith
Muhammad Ahmad
30
pashas
provincial rulers
31
Which countries tried to claim land from the Ottoman Empire?
France, Russia, Britain, and later Germany
32
sultan
rulers of the Ottoman Turkish Empire
33
Young Turks
overthrew the sultan and demanded western reforms in 1908
34
genocide
a deliberate attempt to destroy a racial, political, or cultural group
35
who was targeted in the genocide and why?
Armenians because they were Christian not Muslim
36
father of modern Egypt, responsible for their reforms
Muhammad Ali
37
How did Britain gain control of the canal in 1875?
Egypt sold shares because they were unable to pay it off. Britain bought all those shares
38
concessions
special rights given to foreign powers
39
Summarize European presence in Muslim regions
1) Europeans intervene in local affairs 2) European states work to take over Ottoman lands 3) Europeans demand special rights 4) British gain control of Suez Canal 5) Egypt becomes a British protectorate 6) Russia and Britain seek oil reserves in Persia 7) Persia grants concessions to Britain and Russia
40
Causes of the British colonial rule in India
- Mughal empire collapsing - exploited diversity - British viceroy replaced East India Co. - British East India Co. increases influence - used force with superior weapons - sepoy rebellion
41
Effects of British colonial rule in India
- hand weaving industry ruined - deforestation - population growth - famine - revised legal system - westernization = nationalist movement - improved transportation, commutation, medical care, education, farming, etc.
42
sati
A Hindu custom practiced mainly by the upper classes where the wife is expected to follow her husband in the afterlife
43
sepoys
Indian soldiers in its service
44
viceroy
one who governed India in the name of the British monarch
45
Ram Mohum Roy
Founder of Indian nationalist movement
46
purdah
the isolation of women in separate quarters
47
what started the sepoy rebellion?
the British forced sepoys to serve over seas and load riffles greased in animal fat which were both against their religion
48
China originally had a _________ ______ _________ when it came to trade
Closed door policy
49
balance of trade
difference between how much a country imports and how much it exports
50
Opium War 1839
war fought between Britain and China over restrictions on foreign trade because china outlawed opium trade
51
indemnity
payment for losses in war
52
Treaty of Nanjing
unfair treaty that gave Britain a trade surplus, where a country exports more than it imports, and China with a trade deficit, where a country imports more than it exports. Britain gains Hong Kong and china now has an open door policy
53
open door policy
American approach to China around 1900, favoring open trade restrictions between china and other nations
54
what is the Taiping Rebellion and what triggers it?
peasant revolt triggered by poverty and a misery increase
55
Hong Xiuquan
leader of "Heavenly Kingdom of Peace" who was inspired by Christian missionaries
56
Self Strengthening Movement 1860's
westernize by building factories, modern weapons, and railroads no government support
57
Sino-Japanese War
war between China and Japan in which Japan gained Taiwan. showed China's industrial weakness
58
Guang Xu
young emperor who launched the 100 days of Reform
59
Boxer Rebellion
anti foreign movement to drive out "foreign devils." Japan wins and they force Chinese to support westernization.
60
1900 became a _______________ _______________ until 1908 when the chaos toppled the ________ ______________
Constitutional Monarchy, Qing Dynasty
61
Sun Yixian
President of 1911
62
Three Principles of People
built by Revolutionary Alliance - Nationalism - Democracy - Economic livelihood
63
extraterritoriality
right of foreigners to be protected by the laws of their own nation
65
5 Effects of China imperialism
1) increased nationalism in territories 2) modernized nations 3) increased tensions in the world 4) increased trade, interconnected world 5) spread Christianity and western culture

History 9 (5 decks)

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