Chapter 12: Respiratory System Flashcards
1
Q
respiration
A
mechanical process of breathing, the exchange between
2
Q
external respiration
A
exchange of air in the lung capillaries
3
Q
internal respiration
A
exchange of gases in the cells
4
Q
inhalation
A
oxygen passes from the environment into the lung air sacs and blood capillaries of the lung
5
Q
exhalation
A
CO2 passes from the capillary blood vessels into the air sacs of the lungs to be exhaled
6
Q
nose
A
7
Q
nostrils
nares
A
two openings
8
Q
nasal cavity
A
lined with mucous membrane and fine hairs (cilia) to help filter foreign bodies
- also warms and moistens air
9
Q
paranasal sinus
A
hallow, air-containing space within the skull that communicates with nasal cavity
10
Q
pharynx
A
throat
11
Q
3 sections of the pharynx
A
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
12
Q
nasophranyx
A
contains pharyngeal tonsils/ adenoids
13
Q
oropharynx
A
contains palatine tonsils
14
Q
laryngopharynx
A
divides larynx and esophagus
15
Q
epiglottis
A
flap of cartilage attached to the root of the tongue
16
Q
trachea
A
windpipe
17
Q
mediastinum
A
region between the lungs
18
Q
bronchial tube
bronchi
A
divides trachea into two branches
19
Q
bronchioles
A
smallest branches of the bronchi
20
Q
terminal bronchiole
A
leads to the alveolar duct
21
Q
alveoli
A
air sac in the lung
22
Q
capillary
A
23
Q
erythrocytes
A
24
Q
pleura
A
double layered membrane that covers each lung
25
parietal pleura
outer layer of the membrane, closer to ribs
26
visceral pleura
inner layer, closer to lung
27
apex
uppermost part of lung
28
base
lowest part of the lung
29
hilum
midline region where blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic tissue, and bronchial tubes enter
30
diaphragm
muscular partition separating thoracic and abdominal cavity
31
carbon dioxide
gas produced by body cells when oxygen and carbon atoms from food combine
32
cilia
thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract
33
glottis
slit-like opening to the larynx
34
hilum of the lung
midline region where bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit lungs
35
lobe
division of the lung
36
oxygen
passed through the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells
37
pleural cavity
space between the layers of the pleura
38
auscultation
listening to sounds withinn the body
39
percussion
tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure
40
pleural rub
friction rub
scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other
41
rale
crackles
fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation during inhalation when there is fluid in the alveoli
42
rhonchi
loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum
43
sputum
material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting
44
stridor
strained, high pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx
45
wheezes
continuous high pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing
46
croup
acute viral infections of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx accompanied by barking cough and stridor
47
diphtheria
acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diptheria backterium
48
epistaxis
nosebleed
49
pertussis
whooping cough
- highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by bordetella pertussis
50
asthma
chronic inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial and bronchial edema and constriction
51
chronic bronchitis
inflammation of bronchi persisting over time
- a type of COPD
52
cystic fibrosis
inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that no drain normally
53
atelectasis
collapsed ling, incomplete expansion of alveoli
54
emphysema
hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
55
lung cancer
malignant tumor arising from lung and bronchi
56
pneumoconiosis
abnormal lung condition caused by exposure to certain dusts; with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis
57
pneumonia
acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of inflammatory reaction
58
pulmonary abscess
large collection of pus in the lungs
59
pulmonary edema
fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles
60
pulmonary embolism
clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lungs
61
pulmonary fibrosis
formation of scar tissue in the CT of the lungs
62
sarcoidosis
chronic inflammation disease in the small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs
63
tuberculosis
infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis
- usually lungs but any part of the body infected
64
mesothelioma
rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura
65
pleural effusion
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity)
66
pleurisy
pleuritis
inflammation of the pleura
67
pneumothorax
collection of air in the pleural space
68
anthracosis
coal dust accumulates in the lungs
69
anthracosis
asbestos particles accumulated in the lungs
70
bacilli
rod shaped bacteria
71
chronic obstruction pulmonary disease
chronic condition of persistent obstruction of air flow through bronchial tubes and lungs
72
cor pulmonale
failure of the right side of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the lungs
73
exudates
fluid, cells, and other substances (pus) that filter from cells or capillaries ooze into lesions or areas of inflammation
74
infiltrate
collection of fluid or other material within the lung
- seen in chest x-ray or CT
75
palliatice
relieving symptoms
76
paroxysmal
pertaining to a sudden occurrence such as spasm ro seizure
77
pulmonary infarction
area necrosis
78
purulent
containing pus
79
silicosis
disease due to silica or glass dust in the lungs
80
positron emission tomography scan of the lung
radioactive glucose is injected and images reveal metabolic activity in the lungs
81
ventilation perfusion scan
detection device records radioactivity in the lung after intravenous injection of radioisotope and inhalation of small amount radioactive gas (xenon)
82
bronchoscopy
fiberoptic endoscope exam of the bronchial tubes
83
endotracheal intubation
visual exam of the voice box
84
lung biopsy
removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic exam
85
mediastinoscopy
endoscopic visual exam of mediastinum
86
pulmonary function tests
tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of lungs: airway function, lung volume, and the lung capacity to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiency
87
thoracentesis
needle is inserted into pleural space to remove excess fluid
88
thoracotomy
large surgical incision of the chest
89
thoracoscopy
visual exam of the chest via small incision and use of an endoscope
90
tracheostomy
surigcal creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck
91
tuberculin test
determines past or present tuberculous exposure based on postivie skin reaction
92
tube thoracostomy
flexible, plastic chest tube is passed into the pleural space through an opening in the chest
