Chapter 12: Respiratory System: Pathology and Clinical Procedures Flashcards by Jenn Dobrotinic

auscultation

Listening to sounds within the body

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percussion

Tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure

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pleural rub

Scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other

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rales (crackles)

Fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation during inhalation when there is fluid in the alveoli

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rhonchus
(singular)

rhonchi
(plural)

Loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum

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sputum

Material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting

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stridor

Strained, high-pitched sound heard on inhalation caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx

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wheezes

Continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced when breathing

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croup

Acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, accompanied by barking cough and stridor

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diphtheria

Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium

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epistaxis

Nosebleed

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pertussis

Whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis

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asthma

Chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production

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bronchiectasis

Chronic dilation of a bronchus, usually secondary to infection

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chronic bronchitis

Inflammatory of bronchi persisting over a long period of time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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cystic fibrosis (CF)

Inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally

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atelectasis

Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli

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emphysema

Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

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lung cancer

Malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi

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pneumoconiosis

Abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis

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pneumonia

Acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction

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pulmonary abscess

Large collection of bus (bacterial infection) in the lungs

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pulmonary edema

Fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles

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anthracosis

Black lung disease (coal dust in the lungs)

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asbestosis

Asbestos particles in the lungs

silicosis

Disease due to silica or glass durst in the lungs

pulmonary embolism

Clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung

pulmonary fibrosis

Formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs

sarcoidosis

Chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs

tuberculosis (TB)

Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs are usually involved, but any organ in the body may be affected

bacillus (singular) bacilli (plural)

Rod-shaped bacteria

mesothelioma

Rare malignant rumor arising in the pleura

pleural effusion

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space

pleurisy (pleuritis)

Inflammation of the pleura

pneumothorax

Collection of air in the pleural space

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Chronic condition of persistent obstruction of air flow through bronchial tubes and lungs

cor pulmonale

Failure of the right side of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the lungs because of underlying lung disease

exudates

Fluid, cells, and other substances (pus) that filter from cells or capillaries ooze into lesions or areas of inflammation

hydrothorax

Collection of fluid in the pleural cavity

infiltrate

Collection of fluid or other material within the lung, as seen on a chest film, CT scan, or other radiologic image

palliative

Relieving symptoms, but not curing the disease

paroxysmal

Pertaining to a sudden occurrence, such as a spasm of seizure

pulmonary infarction

Area of necrosis (death of lung tissue)

purulent

Containing pus

chest x-ray

Radiographic image of the thoracic cavity (chest film)

computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest

Computer-generated series of x-ray images show thoracic structures in cross section and other planes

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest

Magnetic waves create detailed images of the chest in frontal, lateral (sagittal), and cross-sectional (axial) planes

positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the lung

Radioactive glucose is injected and images reveal metabolic activity in the lungs

ventilation-perfusion scan

Detection device records radioactivity in the lung after intravenous injection of a radioisotope and inhalation of a small amount of radioactive gas (xenon)

bronchoscopy

Fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes

bronchoalveolar lavage | bronchial washing

Fluid is injected and withdrawn

bronchial brushing

A brush is inserted through the bronchoscope and is used to scrape off tissue

endobronchial ultrasound

Performed during bronchoscopy to diagnose and stage lung cancer

CT pulmonary angiography

Combination of CT scanning and angiography to examine the pulmonary circulation in the diagnosis of a pulmonary embolism

endotracheal intubation

Placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway

laryngoscopy

Visual examination of the voice box

lung biopsy

Removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination

mediastinoscopy

Endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum

pulmonary function tests (PFT's)

Tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs; airway function, lung volume, and the capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently

spirometer

Measures the volume and rate of air passing into and out of the lung

obstructive lung disease

Airways are narrowed which results in resistance to air flow during breathing

restrictive lung disease

Expansion of the lung is limited by disease that affects the chest wall, pleura, or lung tissue itself

thoracentesis

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space

thoracotomy

Large surgical incision of the chest

thoracoscopy (thorascopy)

Visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope

video-assisted thoracic surgery

Allows the surgeon to view the chest from a video monitor

tracheostomy

Surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck

tuberculin test

Determines past or present tuberculous infection based on a positive skin reaction

tube thoracostomy

A flexible plastic chest tube is passed into the pleural space through an opening in the chest

Chapter 12: Respiratory System: Pathology and Clinical Procedures Flashcards

(69 cards)