Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MTAP1: AUBF > CHAPTER 12: SYNOVIAL FLUID > Flashcards

CHAPTER 12: SYNOVIAL FLUID Flashcards

1
Q

Synovial fluid or otherwise known as?

A

Joint fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The synovial membrane contains specialized cells called?

A

synoviocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

These secrete hyaluronic acid & a small amount of protein into the fluid

A

synoviocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Damage to the articular membranes produces
pain and stiffness in the joints, collectively referred to as

A

Arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Synovial fluid is collected by needle aspiration called

A

arthrocentesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In collecting synovial fluid, the barrel of the syringe is?

A

moistened with heparin (fluid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is using powdered anticoagulant not recommended for athrocentesis?

A

because powdered coagulant could interfere during microscopic examinations (false positive for presence of crystals)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the main functions of synovial fluid?

A
  • Reduce friction between the bones during joint movement by providing lubrication
  • Provides nutrients to articulating cartilages
  • Lessen shock of joint compression during activities (walking/jogging)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

It is the wear & tear of joints; common in elder patients

A

Ostearthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

It is an arthritis which causes autoimmune disorder

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What tube type is used for gram stain and culture

A

Sterile heparinized or sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What tube type is used for all other tests?

A

Nonanticoagulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What tube type is used for glucose analysis?

A

Sodium fluoride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What tube type is used for cell counts?

A

Heparin or liquid ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the normal volume of synovial fluid? But the fluid level can increase to ________ with inflammation

A

<3.5 mL; >25 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the normal leukocyte count of synovial fluid?

A

<200 cells/ uL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the normal color of synovial fluid?

A

Colorless to pale yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the normal glucose-plasma difference of synovial fluid?

A

<10 mg/dL, lower than the blood glucose level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the normal value of crystals of synovial fluid?

A

none present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the normal value of the total protein for synovial fluid?

A

<3 g/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the normal viscosity of synovial fluid?

A

Able to form a string 4 to 6 cm long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the normal value of neutrophils for synovial fluid?

A

<25% of the differential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the routing laboratory testing done with the synovial fluid?

A
  • WBC Differential count
  • Gram staining and culture
  • Microscopic examination for presence of crystals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Its laboratory findings are: Clear, yellow fluid
Good viscosity
WBCs <1000 L
Neutrophils <30%
Similar to blood glucose.

A

Noninflammatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Its laboratory findings are: Cloudy or milky fluid Low viscosity WBCs up to 100,000 L Neutrophils <70% Decreased glucose level Crystals present
Crystal-induced origin (Inflammatory)
26
Its laboratory findings are: Cloudy, red fluid Low viscosity WBCs equal to blood Neutrophils equal to blood Normal glucose level
Hemorrhagic
27
What are the possible laboratory findings if the joint disorder is immunologic origin (inflammatory)?
- Cloudy, yellow fluid - Poor viscosity - WBCs 2,000 to 75,000 L - Neutrophils >50% - Decreased glucose level - Possible autoantibodies present
28
What are the possible laboratory findings if the joint disorder is septic?
- Cloudy, yellow-green fluid - Variable viscosity - WBCs 50,000 to 100,000L - Neutrophils >75% - Decreased glucose level - Positive culture and Gram stain
29
What is the color of the synovial fluid if its hemorrhagic?
there's presence of blood (Determine if from traumatic tap)
30
Its has a greenish tinge commonly due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Septic
31
If the synovial fluid is deeper yellow in color it is possibly:
Non-inflammatory and inflammatory
32
What are the pathologic significance of a noninflammatory joint disorder?
Degenerative joint disorders, osteoarthritis
33
What is the pathologic significance of a septic joint disorder?
Microbial infection
34
What are the pathologic significance of a hemorrhagic joint disorder?
- Traumatic injury - tumors - hemophilia - other coagulation disorders - Anticoagulant overdose
35
Its pathologic significance are: Immunologic disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, polymyositis, ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatic fever, Lyme arthritis Crystal-induced gout, pseudogout
Inflammatory
36
Milky synovial fluid could indicate presence of?
Cyrstals
37
It comes from the polymerization of the hyaluronic acid and is essential for the proper lubrication of the joints
Viscosity
38
This is the test for observing the ability of the synovial fluid to form a string
String test
39
Measurement of the amount of hyaluronate polymerization
Ropes or mucin clot test
40
Why should counts be performed as soon as possible?
To prevent cellular disintegration
41
Clear fluids can usually be counted ________, but dilutions are necessary when fluids are _____ or ______
undiluted and turbid or bloody, respectively
42
Differential counts should be performed on ______ preparations or on thinly smeared slides
cytocentrifuged
43
Prior to slide preparation, Fluid should be incubated with?
hyaluronidase
44
If the synovial fluid is very viscous, it is pretreated by?
adding a pinch of hyaluronidase to 0.5 mL of fluid or one drop of 0.05% hyaluronidase in phosphate buffer per milliliter of fluid
45
What are the primary cells found in differential count of synovial fluid?
Mononuclear cells (monocytes, macrophages) and synovial tissue cells
46
It is a macrophage that has phagocytosed one or more neutrophil
Reiter cell (center)
47
Also known as RA cells. Has neutrophil-like characteristics w/ dark cytoplasmic granules which contains immune complexes
Ragocytes
48
It is associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis & immunologic inflammations
Ragocytes
49
What are the primary crystals seen in synovial fluid?
- monosodium urate (uric acid) (MSU) found in cases of gout - calcium pyrophosphate (CPPD) seen with pseudogout
50
This crystal is associated with calcified cartilage degeneration
Apatite (basic calcium phosphate)
51
This crystal is found in the synovial fluid following injections
corticosteroids
52
This crystal is found in renal dialysis patients
calcium oxalate crystals
53
This crystal is associated with chronic inflammation
cholesterol crystals
54
What are the possible artifacts that can be found in synovial fluid?
- talcum powder - starch from gloves - precipitated anticoagulants - dust - scratches on slides and coverslips
55
Why should crystal examination be performed right after fluid collection?
to ensure that crystals are not affected by changes in temperature and pH
56
Fluid must be examined prior to?
WBC disintegration
57
For Tube 1: The first 4 to 5 mL of the synovial fluid obtained should be placed into?
plain, nonanticoagulated red tube and observed for clotting
58
For Tube 2: The next 4 to 5 mL is collected into a tube to which 25 units (U) of?
sodium heparin per mL which is then added to an EDTA tube
59
For Tube 3: The last 4 to 5 mL is placed into?
a sterile tube to which 25 U per mL heparin is added or to a sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS) tube
60
The supernatant of this tube is used for chemical or immunologic analysis.
Tube 1
61
Which tube is used for cell count, differential count, and crystal identification
Tube 2
62
Which tube is used for microbiological studies?
Tube 3
63
Why used you not use fluids that contain acetic acid to dilute synovial fluids?
because the acetic acid can cause mucin clot formation and cell clumping

MTAP1: AUBF (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions