Chapter 12- Vocabulary

Question 0

Autosomes

Answer 0

The remaining chromosomes that are not directly involved in determining the sex of an individual

Question 1

Sex chromosome

Answer 1

Contain genes that determine the sex ( gender) of an individual

Question 2

Sex-linked trait

Answer 2

Refers to a trait that is coded for by an allele on a sex chromosome

Question 3

Linked genes

Answer 3

Pairs of genes that tend to be inherited together

Question 4

Chromosome map

Answer 4

A diagram that shows the linear order of genes on a chromosome

Question 5

Map unit

Answer 5

A frequency of crossing over of 1 percent

Question 6

Germ cell mutations

Answer 6

Occur in an organisms gametes

Question 7

Somatic cell mutations

Answer 7

Take place on an organisms body cells and can therefore affect the organism

Question 8

Lethal mutations

Answer 8

Cause death

Question 9

Deletion

Answer 9

The loss of a piece of a chromosome due to breakage

Question 10

Inversion

Answer 10

A chromosomal segment breaks off, flips around backward, and reattaches

Question 11

Translocation

Answer 11

A piece of one chromosome breaks off and reattaches to a nonhomologous chromosome

Question 12

Nondisjunction

Answer 12

A chromosome fails to separate from its homologue during meiosis

Question 13

Point mutation

Answer 13

Addition or removal of a single nucleotide

Question 14

Substitution

Answer 14

One nucleotide replaces another

Question 15

Frameshift mutation

Answer 15

When a loss of one or more nucleotides in a gene causes incorrect grouping of the remaining codons

Question 16

Insertion mutations

Answer 16

One or more nucleotides are added to a gene

Question 17

Pedigree

Answer 17

A diagram that shows how a trait is inherited over several generations

Question 18

Carrier

Answer 18

Has one copy of the recessive allele but do not have the disease

Question 19

Genetic disorders

Answer 19

Diseases or disabling conditions that have a genetic basis

Question 20

Polygenic

Answer 20

Influenced by several genes

Question 21

Complex characters

Answer 21

Characters that are influenced strongly both by the environment and by genes

Question 22

Multiple allele

Answer 22

Genes with three or more alleles

Question 23

Codominence

Answer 23

Both alleles are expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote

Question 24

Incomplete dominance

Answer 24

An individual displays a trait that is intermediate between the two parents

Question 25

Sex-influenced traits

Answer 25

Males and females can show different phenotypes even when they share the same genotype

Question 26

Huntington's disease

Answer 26

An autosomal dominant condition characterized by forgetfulness

Question 27

Amniocentesis

Answer 27

A technique that allows a physician to remove some amniotic fluid from the amnion

Question 28

Chorionic villi sampling

Answer 28

The physician takes a sample of the chorionic villi between the 8th and 10th week

Question 29

Genetic counseling

Answer 29

The process of informing a person or couple about their genetic makeup

Question 30

Gene therapy

Answer 30

A technique that places a healthy copy of a gene into the cells of a person whose copy of the gene is defective