the hand is composed of which bones?
thumb, fingers, metacarpals, & phalanges
the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is made of what type of joint?
saddle joint
what is the CMC joint of the thumb comprise of ?
the trapezium & the 1st metacarpal
another term for thumb extension?
radial abduction
what is another term for thumb abduction?
palmar abduction
where are the CMC joints located?
between the wrist and metacarpal joints
where is the metacarpophalanges?
the bottom of the phalanges (knuckles)
where is the proximal interphalanges (PIP)?
closest joint towards the hand (middle of fingers)
where is the distal interphalanges (DIP)?
towards the tip
where is the reference point for finger abduction?
middle or 3rd phalange
what joint motions can the phalanges do?
flexion/extension
how many phalanges make up the fingers?
3 phalanges
how many phalanges make up the thumb?
2 phalanges
what is the base of a phalange?
the most proximal end
what is the head of the phalange?
the distal end
a fibrous band on the anterior side of the wrist, which is made up of the transverse carpal ligament (superficially) & the palmar carpal ligament which keeps the tendons from “bowing out” or pushing through the skin?
flexor retinaculum
arches over the carpal bones forming a tunnel for the passage of the long finger flexor tendons & the median nerve
transverse carpal ligament
a fibrous band that transverses the posterior side of the wrist; which holds the extensor tendons close to the wrist
extensor retinaculum ligament
why is the hand naturally concave?
skeleton, ligaments, & arches
which type of muscle proximally attaches proximal to the wrist, is an assistive role in writ function, & their primary function at the thumb or finger?
extrinsic (outside the wrist)
which type of muscle attaches at or distally to the carpals, used for fine motor control/precision movement of the hand? (can be divided into thenar,hypothenar,&palm)
intrinsic (inside the hand)
O= medial epicondyle of humerus & coronoid
process
I= sides of the middle phalanx 2-5
A= MCP/PIP flexion, assists with wrist flexion
flexor digitorum superficialis
O= upper 3/4 of ulna I= distal phalanx 2-5 A= MCP, PIP, DIP flexion 2-5
flexor digitorum profundus
O= lateral epicondyle of humerus I= base of distal phalanx 2-5 A= mainly MCP extension, PIP & DIP extension 2-5
extensor digitorum
O= distal ulna I= base of distal phalanx of 2nd finger A= MCP, PIP, DIP extension of 2nd finger
extensor indicis
O= lateral epicondyle of humerus I= base of distal phalanx, 5th finger A= MCP, PIP, DIP extension of 5th finger
extensor digitorum minimi
what is the latin term for thumb?
pollicis
O= anterior radius I= distal phalanx of thumb A= thumb MCP & ICP (tip of the thumb)
flexor pollicis longus
O= posterior radius, interosseous membrane I= base of 1st metacarpal (moves CMC0 A= thumb MCP extension
extensor pollicis brevis
O= middle posterior ulna & interosseous membrane I= base of distal phalanx of thumb A= MCP and ICP extension of the thumb
extensor pollicis longus
what is the bulky pad at the base of ones thumb?
thenar muscles
what is the bulky pad on the side of the little finger?
hypothenar muscles
what muscles make up the thenar?
flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, & opponens pollicis
what muscles make up the hypothenar?
flexor digitorum minimi, abductor digiti minimi, & opponens digiti minimi
what is the functional hand position?
wrist slightly extended, with the MCP & ICP slightly flexed, & the thumb in opposition
used when an object needs to be forcefully held
example: holding a hammer or using a door knob
power grips
used when an object needs to be manipulated
example: holding a pen or threading a needle
precision grip
