social psychology
how our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are affected by others
attribution
explanation of behavior (2 kinds)
dispositional
attribution; personals and internal
situational
attribution; environmental and external
fundamental attribution error (fae)
the tendency to give more attention to dispositional factors than is appropriate for situation
impression management
the intentional steps we take to influence others; opinions on us
the self-serving bias
the tendency to attribute one’s success to dispositional causes and one’s failure to situational causes
the primacy effect
the tendency for an overall impression of another to be influenced more by the first information received about the person than by the information that comes later, snap judgment
factors in attraction
proximity. mere-exposure, reciprocity
proximity
physical or geographic closeness (major influence)
mere-exposure
the tendency to feel more positive towards stimulus as a result of repeated exposure to it
reciprocity
the tendency to like people who like us
matching hypothesis
the notion that people tend to have lovers/ spouses who are similar to themselves in psychical attractiveness and other assets
the halo effect
the tendency to assume that a person has generally positive or negative traits as a result of observing one positive or negative trait
conformity
changing a behavior/ attitude in an effort to be consistent with the social norms of a group or expectations of others
asch conformity research
judging the length of lines, eight males only one was the actual participant
obeisance
behaving in accordance with rules and commands of those authority
milgram obedience research
shock learners for errors
compliance techniques
foot-in-the-door (start small)
door-in-the-face (start too large)
lowballing (reduce terms later)
that’s not all (sweeten the pot)
social facilitation
the presence of others enhances performance on easy task and impairs performance on difficult tasks when other arous us
coaction effects
the presence of others enhances performance on easy task and impairs on difficult tasks when engaged in same tasks
social loafing
the presence of others enhances performance on easy task and impairs it on difficult task when others relax us, put forth less effort when working with others than when working alone
prosocial behaviors (altruism)
social responsibility norms (we should help who needs it)
norm of reciprocity (we should help who help us)
group polarization
a group member’s adoption of a more extreme position about an issue than he/she originally held after participating in a discussion that strongly expresses (dis)agreement
group think
the tendency for members to tightly knit group to be more concerned with preserving group solidarity and uniformity than when objectively evaluating all alternative in decision making
agression
the intentional infliction of harm on others
realistic conflict theory
competition between in groups and out groups over scarce valuable resources,
sherif and sherif’s robbers cave experiment
1962 summer camp experiment
boys split into two groups unaware of the other groups presence, then competition between the two groups the boys began to have negative attitudes towards other group, tension in the groups decrease throughout team building activities
the “cure” cooperation
social roles
socially defined behaviors considered appropriate for individual occurring certain positions within given group
social roles research
zimbardo; mock prison, randomly assigned social roles of guard and inmate the role sinfluences behaviors
cognitive dissonance
the state of having inconsistent thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes, esp. as relating to behavioral decisions and attitude change.